Influence of Phosphorous Fertilizer and Lime on Seed Yield of Soybean Cultivars in Western Kenya
##article.subject##:
Soybean cultivars, phosphorous fertilizer, lime, seed yield, thousand seed weight
##article.abstract##
Soybean is an important crop in the economy of Kenya both as human food and livestock feed as well as industrial purposes. However, low availability of phosphorous (P) has perpetuated low soybean production in Western Kenya. Therefore, field trial was conducted at University of Eldoret in Uasin Gishu and Agricultural Training Centre (ATC) in Busia County during the period June-November 2015 to assess the influence of phosphorous and liming on seed yield and thousand seed weight of soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a factorial, laid out in RCBD with three replicates involving: two varieties of soybean; SB 19 (proteinous) and SB 133 (oily), three P fertilizer rates at 0, 30 and 60 kg P ha-1 and two levels of lime at 0 and 2 ton ha-1. The result showed significant influence of cultivar and phosphorous fertilizer on soybean seed yield. The oily cultivar (SB 133) recorded the highest seed yield and thousand seed weight compared to the protenous cultivar (SB 19). Phosphorous fertilizer at 30 kg P ha-1 recorded the highest seed yield where further increased was counterproductive. Thousand seed weight declined with increased application of phosphorous. Lime application did not affect soybean seed yield and thousand seed weight. In conclusion, this study suggests use of P fertilizer to not exceeding 30 kg P ha-1 for optimal seed yield in Western Kenya.
References
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Bationo, A., Hartemink, A., Lungu, O., Naimi, M., Okoth, P., Smaling, E., & Thiombiano, L. (2006). African soils: Their productivity and profitability of fertilizer use. In Background paper for the Africa Fertilizer Summit (pp. 9–13). Background papers. Africa Fertilizer summit. Abuja, Nigeria.
Bekere, W. (2013). Liming Effects on Yield and Yield Attributes of Nitrogen Fertilized and Bradyrhizobia Inoculated Soybean ( Glycine max L .) Grown in Acidic Soil at Jimma , South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 3(7), 139–144. Retrieved from http://www.iiste.org
BIDCO. (2005). BIDCO (Business and Industrial Development Cooperation) Oil Refineries LTD. Thika, Kenya.
Borges, R., & Mallarino, A. P. (2000). Grain Yield, Early Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of No-Till Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus and Potassium Placement Iowa Agric. Home Econ. Exp. Stn. Journal Paper No. J-18314. Project 3233. This work was supported in part by the Iowa Soybean Promotion Boa. Agron. J., 92(2), 380–388. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2000.922380x
Borges, R., & Mallarino, A. P. (2003). Broadcast and Deep-Band Placement of Phosphorus and Potassium for Soybean Managed with Ridge Tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67(6), 1920. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1920
Burstin, J., Gallardo, K., Mir, R. R., Varshney, R. K., & Duc, G. (2011). Improving protein content and nutrition quality. Biology and Breeding of Food Legumes. Dijon cedex, France: International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845937669.0314
Caires, E. F., Churka, S., Garbuio, F. J., Ferrari, R. A., & Morgano, M. A. (2006). Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications. Scientia Agricola, 63(4), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000400008
Chianu, J. (2009). Baseline progress report on soybean in Kenya. ICRISAT. Retrieved from http://www.icrisat.org/
Chianu, J. N., Ohiokpehai, O., Vanlauwe, B., Adesina, a, De Groote, H., & Sanginga, N. (2009). Promoting a Versatile but yet Minor Crop : Soybean in the Farming Systems of Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 10(4), 324–344.
Chianu, J., Vanlauwe, B., Myaka, F., Katungi, E., Akech, C., Fs, M., … Sanginga, N. (2008). Soybean Situation and Outlook Analysis : the Case of Tanzania. ICRAF. Kenya: TSBF.
Devi, K. N., Khomba Singh, L. N., Sunanda Devi, T., Nanita Devi, H., Basanta Singh, T., Khamba Singh, K., & Singh, W. M. (2012). Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to Sources and Levels of Phosphorus. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(6), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n6p44
Ferguson, R. B., Shapiro, C. A., Dobermann, A. R., & Wortmann, C. S. (2006). G87-859 Fertilizer recommendation for soybean “( R e v i s e d August 2006)” (1987). Historical Materials.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Lincoln: University of Nebraska. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/1714
Gangasuresh, P., Muthulakshmi, E., & Muthumari, S. (2010). Synergistic Efficiency of Phosphate solubilizer associated with Nitrogen fixer on the Growth of Soybean ( Glycine max ). International Journal of Biological Technology, 1(2), 124–130.
Giller, K. E. (2001). Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems: Chapter 1 - Tropical Environments: Climates, Soils, and Cropping Systems. CABI Publishing Wallingford, Oxon, GBR: CABI Publishing, 2001. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Hao, X., Cho, C. M., Racz, G. J., & Chang, C. (2002). Chemical retardation of phosphate diffusion in an acid soil as affected by liming. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 64(3), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021470824083
Haq, M. U., & Mallarino, A. P. (2005). Response of soybean grain oil and protein concentrations to foliar and soil fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 97(3), 910–918. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0215
Haru, A., & Ethiopia, W. (2012). Influences of Inoculation Methods and Phosphorus Levels on Nitrogen Fixation Attributes and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.). American Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology, 2(2), 45–55.
Jaetzold, R., & Schmidt, H. (1983). Farm Management Handbook of Kenya: Vol 11 Natural Conditions and Farm Management Information in East Kenya. (M. of Agriculture, Ed.). Nairobi.
Kakar, K. M., Tariq, M., Taj, F. H., & Nawab, K. (2002). Phosphorus use efficiency of soybean as affected by phosphorus application and inoculation. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy, 1(1), 49–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_325
Kamara, A. Y., Kwari, J., Ekeleme, F., Omoigui, L., & Abaidoo, R. (2008). Effect of phosphorus application and soybean cultivar on grain and dry matter yield of subsequent maize in the
tropical savannas of north-eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(15), 2593–2599. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB08.329
Kimani, S. K., Macharia, J., Gachengo, C., Palm, C. A., & Delve, R. (2004). Maize production on the central highlands of Kenya using cattle manures combined with modest amounts of
mineral fertilizer. . Uganda J. Agric. Sci., 9(1), 480–490.
Suryantini, B., & Kuntyastuti, H. (2015). Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Soil Phosphorus Level, Growth And Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L .) in Paddy Soil. Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 3(2320), 1–9.
Mahamood, J., Abayomi, Y. A., & Aduloju, M. O. (2009). Comparative growth and grain yield responses of soybean genotypes to phosphorous fertilizer application. Journal of Biotechnology, 8(6), 1030–1036.
Mahasi, J. M., Wasilwa, V., Wasike, F., & Kirigua, V. (2010). Oil crops APVC draft report. Nakuru, Kenya: Waterbuck Hotel.
Mateus, M., Matusso, J., Cabo, F., & Grandet, D. (2015). Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Ferralsols. . Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 3(10), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASR2015.057
Mohsen, N., Servani, M., Mobasser, H. R., Sobikhizi, A., & Adibian, M. (2014). Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Plant Height , Seed Weight and Number of Nodes in Soybean MSc student
, Department of Agronomy , Zahedan Branch , Islamic Azad University , Zahedan , Iran Department of Agronomy , Zahedan Branch , Islamic Azad University. International Journal of Plant,Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4(2), 696–700.
Morshed, R. M., Ahman, M. M. R., & Ahman, M. A. R. (2008). Effect of Nitrogen on Seed Yield , Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean ( Glycine max L .). Journal Agricultural Rural Development, 6(June), 13–17.
Myaka, F. A., Kirenga, G., & Malema, B. (2005). Proceedings of the First National Soybean Stakeholders Workshop,. In F. A. Myaka, G. Kirenga, & B. Malema (Eds.). Morogoro, Tanzania.
Nekesa, A.O., Okalebo, J. R., Woomer P. L., Othieno, C. O., Karanja N. K., Ikerra, S., Esilaba, Ruto, E. C., Thuita, M. N., Ndung’u, K. W., Kifuko, M. N. & Bationo, A. (2007). The potential of underutilized phosphate rocks for soil Fertility replenishment in Africa : case studies inWestern Kenya. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 8, 1589–1598.
Nekesa A.O., Okalebo J.R., Othieno C.O., Thuita, Bationo A., and W. B. S. (2011). The Potential of Increased Maize and Soybean Production inUasinGishu District, Kenya, Resulting fromSoil Acidity AmendmentUsingMinjingu Phosphate Rock and Agricultural Lime, 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2
Njeru, N. P. M. (2009). The effect of push-pull management and different maize crop yield in central CBM MASTER THESES SERIES. Uppsala. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-8-310
Ojo, G. O. S., Ibrahim, N. B., & Akinwande, A. A. (2016). Evaluation of soybean for grain yield and yield components at varying levels of phosphorus in Makurdi (Southern Guinea Savanna), Nigeria. European Journal of Physical and Agricultural Sciences, 4(1), 7–17. Retrieved from http://www.idpublications.org
Okalebo, J. R., Gathua, K. W., & Woomer, P. L. . (1993). Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual. TSBF-CIAT (2nd ed.). Nairobi, Kenya: TSBF-CIAT and Sacred Africa.
Onwonga, R. N., Lelei, J. J., & Mochoge, B. B. (2010). Mineral nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics under different acid soil management practices for maize production. Journal of Agricultural Science (Toronto), 2(1), 16–30. Retrieved from http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/view/5290
Rao, a S., & Reddy, K. S. (2017). The lime: botany, production and uses. (G. Singh, Ed.), The soybean: botany, production and uses. CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780647845.0000
Ryan, J., Ibrikci, H., Singh, M., Matar, A., Masri, S., Rashid, A., & Pala, M. (2008). Response to residual and currently applied phosphorus in dryland cereal/legume rotations in three Syrian Mediterranean agroecosystems. European Journal of Agronomy, 28(2), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.06.001
Sanginga, N., Dashiell, K. E., Diels, J., Vanlauwe, B., Lyasse, O., Carsky, R. J., … Ortiz, R. (2003). Sustainable resource management coupled to resilient germplasm to provide new intensive cereal-grain-legume-livestock systems in the dry savanna. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 100(2–3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00188-9
Sanginga, N., Lyasse, O., & Singh, B. B. (2000). Phosphorus use efficiency and nitrogen balance of cowpea breeding lines in a low P soil of the derived savanna zone in West Africa. Plant and Soil, 220, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004785720047
Seguin, P., & Zheng, W. (2006). Potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, and boron fertilization effects on soybean isoflavone content and other seed characteristics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29(4), 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160600564477
Shahid, M. Q., Saleem, M. F., Khan, H. Z., & Anjum, S. a. (2009). Performance of Soybean ( Glycine max L .) under different phosphorus levels and inoculation. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 46(4), 237–241.
Sharma, K. N., & Namdeo, K. N. (1999). Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Crop Research (Hisar), 17(2), 160–163. Retrieved from http://www.jebas.org
Tahir, M. M., M, K. A., Nasir, R., Abdul, K., & Mushtaq, H. K. (2009). Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(22), 6191–6200. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.1039
Tairo, E. V, & Ndakidemi, P. A. (2013). Possible Benefits of Rhizobial Inoculation and Phosphorus Supplementation on Nutrition, Growth and Economic Sustainability in Grain Legumes. American Journal of Research Communication, 1(12), 532–556. Retrieved from www.usa-journals.com
Vanlauwe, B., Ramisch, J., & Sanginga, N. (2006). Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Africa: Principles, Practices and Developmental Process. Nairobi: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420017113.ch18
Venter, C. (1999). Health benefits of soy beans and soy products: a review. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences/ …, 27(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfecs.v27i2.52769
Verde, B. S., Oginga, D. B., & Mugwe, J. N. (2013). Effects of manure, lime and mineral P fertilizer on soybean yields and soil fertility in a humic nitisol in the Central Highlands of Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 2(9), 283–291.
Wilcox, J. R., & Shibles, R. M. (2001). Interrelationships among seed quality attributes in soybean. Crop Science, 41(1), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.41111x
Bashir, K., Ali, S., Umair, A., & Trial, F. (2011). Effect of Different Phosphorus Levels on Xylem Sap Components and Their Correlation With Growth Variables of Mash Bean. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(4), 596–601.
Bationo, A., Hartemink, A., Lungu, O., Naimi, M., Okoth, P., Smaling, E., & Thiombiano, L. (2006). African soils: Their productivity and profitability of fertilizer use. In Background paper for the Africa Fertilizer Summit (pp. 9–13). Background papers. Africa Fertilizer summit. Abuja, Nigeria.
Bekere, W. (2013). Liming Effects on Yield and Yield Attributes of Nitrogen Fertilized and Bradyrhizobia Inoculated Soybean ( Glycine max L .) Grown in Acidic Soil at Jimma , South Western Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 3(7), 139–144. Retrieved from http://www.iiste.org
BIDCO. (2005). BIDCO (Business and Industrial Development Cooperation) Oil Refineries LTD. Thika, Kenya.
Borges, R., & Mallarino, A. P. (2000). Grain Yield, Early Growth, and Nutrient Uptake of No-Till Soybean as Affected by Phosphorus and Potassium Placement Iowa Agric. Home Econ. Exp. Stn. Journal Paper No. J-18314. Project 3233. This work was supported in part by the Iowa Soybean Promotion Boa. Agron. J., 92(2), 380–388. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2000.922380x
Borges, R., & Mallarino, A. P. (2003). Broadcast and Deep-Band Placement of Phosphorus and Potassium for Soybean Managed with Ridge Tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67(6), 1920. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1920
Burstin, J., Gallardo, K., Mir, R. R., Varshney, R. K., & Duc, G. (2011). Improving protein content and nutrition quality. Biology and Breeding of Food Legumes. Dijon cedex, France: International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845937669.0314
Caires, E. F., Churka, S., Garbuio, F. J., Ferrari, R. A., & Morgano, M. A. (2006). Soybean yield and quality a function oflime and gypsum applications. Scientia Agricola, 63(4), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000400008
Chianu, J. (2009). Baseline progress report on soybean in Kenya. ICRISAT. Retrieved from http://www.icrisat.org/
Chianu, J. N., Ohiokpehai, O., Vanlauwe, B., Adesina, a, De Groote, H., & Sanginga, N. (2009). Promoting a Versatile but yet Minor Crop : Soybean in the Farming Systems of Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 10(4), 324–344.
Chianu, J., Vanlauwe, B., Myaka, F., Katungi, E., Akech, C., Fs, M., … Sanginga, N. (2008). Soybean Situation and Outlook Analysis : the Case of Tanzania. ICRAF. Kenya: TSBF.
Devi, K. N., Khomba Singh, L. N., Sunanda Devi, T., Nanita Devi, H., Basanta Singh, T., Khamba Singh, K., & Singh, W. M. (2012). Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to Sources and Levels of Phosphorus. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(6), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n6p44
Ferguson, R. B., Shapiro, C. A., Dobermann, A. R., & Wortmann, C. S. (2006). G87-859 Fertilizer recommendation for soybean “( R e v i s e d August 2006)” (1987). Historical Materials.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Lincoln: University of Nebraska. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/1714
Gangasuresh, P., Muthulakshmi, E., & Muthumari, S. (2010). Synergistic Efficiency of Phosphate solubilizer associated with Nitrogen fixer on the Growth of Soybean ( Glycine max ). International Journal of Biological Technology, 1(2), 124–130.
Giller, K. E. (2001). Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems: Chapter 1 - Tropical Environments: Climates, Soils, and Cropping Systems. CABI Publishing Wallingford, Oxon, GBR: CABI Publishing, 2001. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Hao, X., Cho, C. M., Racz, G. J., & Chang, C. (2002). Chemical retardation of phosphate diffusion in an acid soil as affected by liming. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 64(3), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021470824083
Haq, M. U., & Mallarino, A. P. (2005). Response of soybean grain oil and protein concentrations to foliar and soil fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 97(3), 910–918. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0215
Haru, A., & Ethiopia, W. (2012). Influences of Inoculation Methods and Phosphorus Levels on Nitrogen Fixation Attributes and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.). American Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology, 2(2), 45–55.
Jaetzold, R., & Schmidt, H. (1983). Farm Management Handbook of Kenya: Vol 11 Natural Conditions and Farm Management Information in East Kenya. (M. of Agriculture, Ed.). Nairobi.
Kakar, K. M., Tariq, M., Taj, F. H., & Nawab, K. (2002). Phosphorus use efficiency of soybean as affected by phosphorus application and inoculation. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy, 1(1), 49–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_325
Kamara, A. Y., Kwari, J., Ekeleme, F., Omoigui, L., & Abaidoo, R. (2008). Effect of phosphorus application and soybean cultivar on grain and dry matter yield of subsequent maize in the
tropical savannas of north-eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(15), 2593–2599. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB08.329
Kimani, S. K., Macharia, J., Gachengo, C., Palm, C. A., & Delve, R. (2004). Maize production on the central highlands of Kenya using cattle manures combined with modest amounts of
mineral fertilizer. . Uganda J. Agric. Sci., 9(1), 480–490.
Suryantini, B., & Kuntyastuti, H. (2015). Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Soil Phosphorus Level, Growth And Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L .) in Paddy Soil. Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 3(2320), 1–9.
Mahamood, J., Abayomi, Y. A., & Aduloju, M. O. (2009). Comparative growth and grain yield responses of soybean genotypes to phosphorous fertilizer application. Journal of Biotechnology, 8(6), 1030–1036.
Mahasi, J. M., Wasilwa, V., Wasike, F., & Kirigua, V. (2010). Oil crops APVC draft report. Nakuru, Kenya: Waterbuck Hotel.
Mateus, M., Matusso, J., Cabo, F., & Grandet, D. (2015). Response of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Ferralsols. . Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 3(10), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.14662/ARJASR2015.057
Mohsen, N., Servani, M., Mobasser, H. R., Sobikhizi, A., & Adibian, M. (2014). Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Plant Height , Seed Weight and Number of Nodes in Soybean MSc student
, Department of Agronomy , Zahedan Branch , Islamic Azad University , Zahedan , Iran Department of Agronomy , Zahedan Branch , Islamic Azad University. International Journal of Plant,Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4(2), 696–700.
Morshed, R. M., Ahman, M. M. R., & Ahman, M. A. R. (2008). Effect of Nitrogen on Seed Yield , Protein Content and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean ( Glycine max L .). Journal Agricultural Rural Development, 6(June), 13–17.
Myaka, F. A., Kirenga, G., & Malema, B. (2005). Proceedings of the First National Soybean Stakeholders Workshop,. In F. A. Myaka, G. Kirenga, & B. Malema (Eds.). Morogoro, Tanzania.
Nekesa, A.O., Okalebo, J. R., Woomer P. L., Othieno, C. O., Karanja N. K., Ikerra, S., Esilaba, Ruto, E. C., Thuita, M. N., Ndung’u, K. W., Kifuko, M. N. & Bationo, A. (2007). The potential of underutilized phosphate rocks for soil Fertility replenishment in Africa : case studies inWestern Kenya. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 8, 1589–1598.
Nekesa A.O., Okalebo J.R., Othieno C.O., Thuita, Bationo A., and W. B. S. (2011). The Potential of Increased Maize and Soybean Production inUasinGishu District, Kenya, Resulting fromSoil Acidity AmendmentUsingMinjingu Phosphate Rock and Agricultural Lime, 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2
Njeru, N. P. M. (2009). The effect of push-pull management and different maize crop yield in central CBM MASTER THESES SERIES. Uppsala. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-8-310
Ojo, G. O. S., Ibrahim, N. B., & Akinwande, A. A. (2016). Evaluation of soybean for grain yield and yield components at varying levels of phosphorus in Makurdi (Southern Guinea Savanna), Nigeria. European Journal of Physical and Agricultural Sciences, 4(1), 7–17. Retrieved from http://www.idpublications.org
Okalebo, J. R., Gathua, K. W., & Woomer, P. L. . (1993). Laboratory Methods of Soil and Plant Analysis: A Working Manual. TSBF-CIAT (2nd ed.). Nairobi, Kenya: TSBF-CIAT and Sacred Africa.
Onwonga, R. N., Lelei, J. J., & Mochoge, B. B. (2010). Mineral nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics under different acid soil management practices for maize production. Journal of Agricultural Science (Toronto), 2(1), 16–30. Retrieved from http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/view/5290
Rao, a S., & Reddy, K. S. (2017). The lime: botany, production and uses. (G. Singh, Ed.), The soybean: botany, production and uses. CAB International. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780647845.0000
Ryan, J., Ibrikci, H., Singh, M., Matar, A., Masri, S., Rashid, A., & Pala, M. (2008). Response to residual and currently applied phosphorus in dryland cereal/legume rotations in three Syrian Mediterranean agroecosystems. European Journal of Agronomy, 28(2), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.06.001
Sanginga, N., Dashiell, K. E., Diels, J., Vanlauwe, B., Lyasse, O., Carsky, R. J., … Ortiz, R. (2003). Sustainable resource management coupled to resilient germplasm to provide new intensive cereal-grain-legume-livestock systems in the dry savanna. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 100(2–3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00188-9
Sanginga, N., Lyasse, O., & Singh, B. B. (2000). Phosphorus use efficiency and nitrogen balance of cowpea breeding lines in a low P soil of the derived savanna zone in West Africa. Plant and Soil, 220, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004785720047
Seguin, P., & Zheng, W. (2006). Potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, and boron fertilization effects on soybean isoflavone content and other seed characteristics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29(4), 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160600564477
Shahid, M. Q., Saleem, M. F., Khan, H. Z., & Anjum, S. a. (2009). Performance of Soybean ( Glycine max L .) under different phosphorus levels and inoculation. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 46(4), 237–241.
Sharma, K. N., & Namdeo, K. N. (1999). Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Crop Research (Hisar), 17(2), 160–163. Retrieved from http://www.jebas.org
Tahir, M. M., M, K. A., Nasir, R., Abdul, K., & Mushtaq, H. K. (2009). Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and NP fertilization on growth, yield and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) in the sub-humid hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(22), 6191–6200. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.1039
Tairo, E. V, & Ndakidemi, P. A. (2013). Possible Benefits of Rhizobial Inoculation and Phosphorus Supplementation on Nutrition, Growth and Economic Sustainability in Grain Legumes. American Journal of Research Communication, 1(12), 532–556. Retrieved from www.usa-journals.com
Vanlauwe, B., Ramisch, J., & Sanginga, N. (2006). Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Africa: Principles, Practices and Developmental Process. Nairobi: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420017113.ch18
Venter, C. (1999). Health benefits of soy beans and soy products: a review. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences/ …, 27(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfecs.v27i2.52769
Verde, B. S., Oginga, D. B., & Mugwe, J. N. (2013). Effects of manure, lime and mineral P fertilizer on soybean yields and soil fertility in a humic nitisol in the Central Highlands of Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural Science Research, 2(9), 283–291.
Wilcox, J. R., & Shibles, R. M. (2001). Interrelationships among seed quality attributes in soybean. Crop Science, 41(1), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.41111x
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2021-07-25
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Articles
