Revisiting the Leadership-Management Conundrum: A Case of Two ‘Leaderships’ One of which is ‘Management’? With Exemplification from Uganda’s Education Policy Literature
##article.subject##:
Educational leadership, educational management, Leadership, Management.
##article.abstract##
‘Did you study leadership or management?’ This is one of the most common questions that panelists ask during viva voce sessions in Uganda – as if leadership and management are necessarily mutually exclusive. If they are, then why are they so commonly confused with each other? Confronted with such questions, the study embarked on reviewing the leadership-management conundrum so as to make leadership more appreciated in education management. More specifically, the study examined the kind of relationship that exists between leadership and management; related educational leadership with educational management; and analysed ‘leadership’ usage in selected education policy literature from Uganda. It employed an exploratory systematic review design, and took a paradox theory perspective. Data analysis was by content and thematic analysis. The study discovered that it is a tripartite relationship that exists between leadership and management, with interesting implications. Though limited by a reliance on secondary data, the study makes two strong contributions. First, it exposes the conceptual drift that ‘leadership’ has undergone. Second, it underscores the necessity of both leadership and management in educational governance, but in contextually constructed ‘mixes’.
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Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organizations (5th Ed.). Prentice Hall.
Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th Ed.). Pearson-Prentice Hall.
Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2009). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research and managerial applications (4th Ed). Free Press.
Bennis, W.G., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
Berenskoetter, F. (2016). Approaches to concept analysis. Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 45(1), 1-24.
Berg, G. (2011). The complexity of school leadership. In: Baráth, T. & Szabó, M. (eds). Does leadership matter? Implications for leadership development and the school as a learning organization. HUNSEM, University of Szeged.
Branson, C. M. (2011). Educational systems leadership: Creating coherence or contestation? In: Baráth, T., & Szabó, M. (eds). Does leadership matter? Implications for leadership development and the school as a learning organization. HUNSEM, University of Szeged.
Bush, T. (2008). Leadership and management development in education. SAGE.
Bush, T. (2011). Theories of educational leadership and management (4th Ed.). SAGE.
Bush, T., & Glover, D. (2003). School leadership: Concepts and evidence. University of Reading, NCSL.
Cuban, L. (1988). The managerial imperative and the practice of leadership in schools. New York Press.
Cunha, M. P., & Putnam, L. L. (2017). Paradox theory and the paradox of success. Strategic Organization, 17(1), 95-106.
Day, C., & Sammons, P. (2016). Successful school leadership. Education Development Trust.
Earley, P. (2013). Leading and managing change: Why is it so hard to do? In Kollias, A. (Ed.). Critical Factors in the discourse on School Leadership from the perspective of equity and learning. Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Union.
Fairholm, M. R. (2002). Defining leadership: A review of past, present, and future ideas. Center for Excellence in Municipal Management, George Washington University.
Genza, G. M. (2021). But what is leadership? A systematic review of the leadership concept in view of heightened educational leadership in Africa. Journal of Education and Practice, 12(9), 127-137.
Government of Uganda (2013). A Guide to policy development and management in Uganda. Author.
Hallinger, P. (2013). A conceptual framework for systematic reviews of research in educational leadership and management. Journal of Educational Administration, (51), 126-149.
Hallinger, P., & Hammad, W. (2017). Knowledge production on educational leadership and management in Arab societies: A systematic review of research. Educational Management Administration & Leadership; pp. 1-17. Doi: 10.1177/1741143217717280
Hašková, A. (2011). School leaders’ competencies: Results of research carried out in Slovakia In: Baráth, T. & Szabó, M. (eds). Does leadership matter? Implications for leadership development and the school as a learning organization. HUNSEM, University of Szeged.
Himmelfarb Library (2020). Meta-Analysis. https://himmelfarb.gwu.edu/tutorials/studydesign101 /metaanalyses.cfm
Hoekema, A. (2017). The conundrum of cross-cultural understanding in the practice of law. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 49 (1), 67-84
James, C., Connolly, M., & Hawkins, M. (2019). Reconceptualising and redefining educational leadership practice. International Journal of Leadership in Education. DOI: 10.1080/13603124.2019.1591520
Killeen, T. J. (2012). The Cardamom conundrum: Reconciling development and conservation in the kingdom of Cambodia. NUS Press.
Leithwood, K. (2005). Educational Leadership: A review of the research. Temple University Center for Research in Human Development and Education. http://www.temple.edu/lss.
Leslie, J. B., Li, P. P., & Zhao, S. (2015). Managing paradox: Blending East and West philosophies to unlock its advantages and opportunities. Center for Creative Leadership.
Lewis, M. W., & Smith, W. K. (2014). Paradox as a meta-theoretical perspective. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 50(2), 127-149.
Magara, J. (2017). Positioning Africa for the 21st century: the pivotal role of leadership and think tanks. Beeranga Mwesigwa Foundation.
Mayra, G. (2016). Managerial and leadership approaches of primary school headteachers. London Metropolitan University.
Mansur, Y. (2009). A guide to successful policy formulation. Syria SME Support Programme.
MoES [Ministry of Education and Sports] (2008). Education Act 2008. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2009a). Basic requirements and minimum standards indicators for education institutions [BMEI]. Government of Uganda.
MoES (MoES, 2009b). The National Teacher Policy. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2014). Guidelines for establishing, licensing, registering and classification of private schools/institutions in Uganda. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2017a). Statistical abstract 2017. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2017b). Education & sports sector annual performance (FY 2016/2017) [ESSAPR 2016/2017]. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2019). Education & sports sector annual performance (FY 2018/2019) [ESSAPR 2018/2019]. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2020a). Education & sports sector strategic plan 2017-2020. Government of Uganda.
MoES (2020b). Performance management guidelines for tertiary institutions and schools. Government of Uganda.
Molnár, I. (2011). Meaning of leadership in different corporate environments. In Baráth, T., & Szabó, M. (Eds). Does leadership matter? Implications for leadership development and the school as a learning organization. HUNSEM, University of Szeged.
Ndarukwa, P., Chimbari, M. J., & Sibanda, E. N. (2019). Protocol on a systematic review of qualitative studies on asthma treatment challenges experienced in Sub-Saharan Africa. Systematic Review, 8(149), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1068-7
Neelam, A., Glenn, H. A., Amie, B., Oscar, G., Christine, O., Misty, M. S., & Jenelle, L. S. (2017). Leadership and management are one and the same. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81 (6), 1-5.
Oguntibeju, J., Ibitoye, O., Atoyebi, K. O., & Falana, A. A. (2014). Leadership, corporate governance and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria: A mutual link. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(25), 67-82.
Owolabi, J. (2005). Policy making and educational policy analysis. Makerere University.
Pentti, S. (2003). Intelligent leadership and leadership competencies: Developing a leadership framework for intelligent
organizations. Helsinki University of Technology.
Petocz, A., & Newbery, G. (2010). On conceptual analysis as the primary qualitative approach to statistics education research in psychology. Statistics Education Research Journal, 9(2), 123-145.
Qiu, J. (2013). Conundrums approached from the cognitive perspective of “the impartment and inheritance of connotation and denotation”. English Language Teaching, 6(7), 122-127.
Révész, E. (2011). Leadership for improving learning – some lessons learned from the OECD “Improving School Leadership” activity. In: Baráth, T., & Szabó, M. (Eds). Does leadership matter? Implications for leadership development and the school as a learning organization. HUNSEM, University of Szeged.
Rost, J. C. (1991). Leadership for the twenty-first century. Praeger.
Sandberg, E. (2017). Introducing the paradox theory in logistics and SCM research - examples from a global sourcing
context. International Journal of Logistics, 20(5), 459-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2017.1280007
Sharma, M. K., & Jain, S. (2013). Leadership management: principles, models and theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(3), 309-318.
Silva, S. (2016). What is Leadership? Journal of Business Studies Quarterly 2016, 8(1), 1-5.
Smyth, S. M. (2019). The Facebook conundrum: Is it time to usher in a new era of regulation for big tech? International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 13(2), 578-595.
Spicker, P. (2012). “Leadership”: A perniciously vague concept. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 25(1), 34-47.
Toor, S. (2011). Differentiating leadership from management: An empirical investigation of leaders and managers. Leadership and Management in Engineering, (10), 1-13.
Waldmana, D. A., Putnamb, L. L., Miron-Spektorc, E., & Siegela, D. (2019). The role of paradox theory in decision making and management research. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.04.006
Walters, D. C. (2009). Exploring a definition of leadership and the biography of Dr. Frank B. Wynn. Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1299.
Young, M., & Dulewicz, V. (2008). Similarities and differences between leadership and management: High-performance competencies in the British Royal Navy. British Journal of Management, (19), 17-32.
Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organizations (5th Ed.). Prentice Hall.
Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th Ed.). Pearson-Prentice Hall.
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2021-10-25
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Articles
