Career Mentoring and Employee Commitment in Manufacturing Firms in Kenya: The Moderating Effect of Rewards System
##article.subject##:
Career Mentoring, Rewards System, Employee Commitment
##article.abstract##
This study seeks to explore the moderating effect of rewards system on the nexus between career mentoring and commitment of employees in the manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study used the explanatory research design and a usable sample size of 435 employees to obtain quantitative data in the Kenyan manufacturing firms. A Self- administered questionnaire was used to aid in data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS vs 23 and hypotheses tested using Hayes PROCESS Macro tools. The results reveal that career mentoring significantly and positively have a direct effect on employee commitment. The results further reveal that rewards system have a positive and significant direct effect on employee commitment. Importantly, the findings reveal that there is a conditional effect of reward system on the link between career mentoring and employee commitment. The findings of the study provide an impetus whereby the management of manufacturing firms and other organizations stand to benefit when designing career mentoring programme. Moreover, integrating rewards system within career mentoring designs is bound to maximize employee commitment and by extension, organizational commitment.
References
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Akpan, J.W., Owhor, A. G. & Nsikan, E. J. (2017). Workplace Mentoring Strategies and Sustainable Commitment of University Teaching Hospital Staff in South-South Region of Nigeria. Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary, 17(7).
Allen, T.D., Eby, L.T., O‟Brien, K.E. & Lentz, E. (2008). The state of mentoring research: A qualitative review of current research methods and future research implications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 343-357.
Anitha, J. (2016). Role of Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee Retention. ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1).
Baxter, M. (2015). Mentoring and employee commitment: an investigation into the levels of mentoring received and employee commitment within the inside sales function of a technology organization. A Master’s dissertation submitted to the National College of Ireland.
Brown, B.P., Zablah, A.R. & Bellenger, D.N. (2008). The role of mentoring in promoting organizational commitment among black managers: An evaluation of the indirect effects of racial similarity and shared racial perspectives. Journal of Business Research, 61: 732–738
Chew, Y.T. & Wong, S.K. (2008). Effects of Career Mentoring Experience and Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Commitment and Intentions to Leave: A Study among Hotel Workers in Malaysia
Çiğdem, K. &Belgin, C. (2014). An empirical study on the role of career developmentprograms in organizations and organizational commitment on job satisfaction of employees. American Journal of Business and Management, 3(3): 178-191.
DeFranzo, S.E. (2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of Surveys. Snap Surveys. Available at: https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-surveys/
Demirel, Y., & Goc, K. (2013). The impact of organisational commitment on knowledge sharing. European Scientific Journal, 9(19), 945-963.
Fletcher, S., & Mullen, C. A. (Eds.). (2012). Sage handbook of mentoring and coaching in education. Sage.
Franco-Santos, Monica & Gomez-Mejia, Luis. (2015). Reward Systems. 10.1002/9781118785317.weom050102.
Greene,M. T. & Puetzer, M. (2002). The Value of Mentoring: A Strategic Approach to Retention and Recruitment. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 17(1), 63-70.
Hall, M. & Smith, D. (2009). Mentoring and turnover intentions in public accounting firms: a research note. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34 (6-7). pp. 695-704. ISSN 0361-3682 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2008.11.003
Hyung Park, J., Newman, A., Zhang, L., Wu, C. & Hooke, A. (2016) Mentoring functions and turnover intention: the mediating role of perceived organizational support, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27:11, 1173-1191, DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1062038
International Journal of Management, 25(4).
KAM (2018). Sparking Kenya’s Industrial Transformation for Job Creation.
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Kizil, C., Cetin, A. & Zengin, H. (2012). The Impact of Mentoring on Job Commitment and Turnover Intentions of Accounting-Finance Academicians Employed in Turkey.
Korir, I. & Kipkebut, D. (2016). The Effect of Reward Management on Employees Commitment in the Universities in Nakuru County-Kenya. Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(4): 37-48. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20160404.12
Kowo, S., Popoola, M.A., Akanmu., Akinrinola, O., Abdulazeez, S. & Alhaji. (2018). Moderating Influence of Organizational Reward System on Employee's Performance. 10.21272/sec.4(2).114-122.2018.
Kram, K. E. and Ragins, B. R. (2007) The Handbook of Mentoring at Work : Theory, Research, and Practice, Los Angelas: Sage Publications.
Lam, M., O'Donnell, M., & Robertson, D. (2015). Achieving employee commitment for continuous improvement initiatives. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Lambert, E., & Hogan, N. (2009). The importance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment in shaping turnover intent a test of a causal model. Criminal Justice Review, 34(1), 96-118.
Li, K.S., Tong, C. & Wong, A. (2014). The Impact of Career Development on Employee Commitment of Part-Time Faculty (PTF) in Hong Kong’s Continuing Professional
Development (CPD) Sector. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4. 52-73. 10.9734/BJESBS/2014/4810.
Mangione, L., Borden, K. A., Nadkarni, L., Evarts, K., & Hyde, K. (2018). Mentoring in clinical psychology programs: Broadening and deepening. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 12(1), 4.
MANUFACTURING PRIORITY AGENDA 2018. Sparking Kenya’s industrial Transformation for job creation. https://kam.co.ke/kam/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/2018-Manufacturing-Priority-Agenda.pdf
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, L. J., & Parfyonova, N. M. (2012). Employee commitment in context: The nature and implication of commitment profiles. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 80(1): 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.002
Ming, L.S. (2015). The Moderating Effect of Reward in the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Performance. Master’s Thesis Submitted to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahma
Ming, L.W. (2015). The Moderating Effect of Reward in the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Performance. A Master’s Thesis Submitted to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Mirugi, F. (2017). Role and Impact of EPZ in Attracting FDI in EPZ Apparel and Textile Industry in Kenya. Master’s Thesis Submitted to United States International University - Africa
Moshood, B., Sanjo, O., Taofeek, A. & Eze, B. (2019). Employee Commitment and Firm Performance: Evidence from a Manufacturing Firm in Nigeria. Research Gate.
Murphy, B. (2015). The impact of reward systems on employee performance. A Master’s thesis submitted to Dublin Business School.
Muuo, G.M. (2013). The Influence of Reward System on Organizational Performance in Public Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Nairobi Zone, Kenya . A Master’s
Research Project Submitted to the University of Nairobi.
Newman, A. & Sheikh, A. (2012). Organizational rewards and employee commitment: A Chinese study. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 27. 71-89. 10.1108/02683941211193866.
Niehaves, B., & Ortbach, K. (2016). The inner and the outer model in explanatory design theory: the case of designing electronic feedback systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 25(4), 303-316.
Nnaji-Ihedinmah, N. C., & Egbunike, F. C. (2015). Effect of rewards on employee performance in organizations: a study of selected commercial banks in Awka metropolis. European Journal of Business and management, 7(4), 80-88.
Nyamori, S. (2015). The Effect of Workplace Mentoring on Employee Performance: A Case Study of SOS Children’s Villages. A Master’s Project Report Submitted to United States International University Africa
Onyia, V.A., Asikhia, O.U., Egbuta, O.U. & Makinde, G.O.(2019). Rethinking Mentorship and Organizational Commitment in Nigerian Academia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, 7(4).
Oyoo M. O.et. al. (2015). Effect Of Reward Practices on Employee Commitment in Faith Based Health Organizations in Kakamega County, Kenya. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 5(10): 729-743
Özdem, G. (2012). The relationship between the organizational citizenship behaviors and the organizational and professional commitments of secondary school teachers. Journal of Global strategic management.
Park, H. Y., Christie, R. L., & Sype, G. E. (2014). Organisational commitment and turnover intention in union and non union firms. Sage Open. doi: 10.1177/215824401 3518928.
Ramalho, J. (2014). Mentoring in the workplace. Industrial and Commercial Training.
Ramshaw, A. (2018). The Complete Guide to Acceptable Survey Response Rates, Genre.
Shu Hui, W. & Soon Yau, F. (2004). The Use of Hierarchical-Based Reward Systems In Moderating The Relationship between Management Accounting System and Organizational Learning. Malaysian Accounting Review, 3(1).
Signé, L. & Johnson, C. (2018). The potential of manufacturing and industrialization in Africa Trends, opportunities, and strategies https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Manufacturing-and-Industrialization-in-Africa-Signe-20180921.pdf
Signé, L., & Johnson, C. (2018). The Potential of Manufacturing and Industrialization in Africa: Trends. Opportunities, and Strategies.
Strydom, A. (2011). The job satisfaction of academic staff members on fixed-term employment contracts at South African higher education institutions (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State).
Tolera, D.G. (2018). Effects of employees’ commitment on organizational performance at Arjo Didessa Sugar Factory. African Journal of Business Management, 12(9): 252-257.
Too, R., & Kwasira, D. J. (2017). Evaluation of Employee Retention Practices to Generation Y at Cooperative Bank in the County of Nairobi, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 9 (11), 43, 53.
Turner, P. (2019). Employee engagement in contemporary organizations: Maintaining high productivity and sustained competitiveness. Springer Nature.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (2015). Strengthening of the Pharmaceutical Industry. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2015-04/pbc31_9en_0.pdf
Van Vianen, A. E., Rosenauer, D., Homan, A. C., Horstmeier, C. A., & Voelpel, S. C. (2018). Career mentoring in context: A multilevel study on differentiated career mentoring and career mentoring climate. Human Resource Management, 57(2), 583-599.
Visagie, C. M., & Steyn, C. (2011). Organisational commitment and responses to planned organisational change: An exploratory study. Southern African Business Review, 15(3), 98-121.
Wei, Y. & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2009). The moderating role of reward system in the relationship between market orientation and new product performance in China.
International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26: 89-96. 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2008.11.001.
Xerri, M. J., & Brunetto, Y. (2013). Fostering innovative behaviour: The importance of employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3163-3177.
Xie, X., & Gao, Y. (2018). Strategic networks and new product performance: the mediating role of ambidextrous innovation. Technology analysis & strategic management, 30(7), 811-824.
Yang, C., Guo, N., Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2019). The effects of mentoring on hotel staff turnover: Organizational and occupational embeddedness as mediators. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Yilmaz, K., & Çokluk-Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2008). Organisational citizenship behaviours and organisational commitment in Turkish primary schools. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3(5): 775-780.
Zeldin, S., Christens, B. D., & Powers, J. L. (2013). The psychology and practice of youth-adult partnership: Bridging generations for youth development and community change. American journal of community psychology, 51(3-4), 385-397.
Akpan, J.W., Owhor, A. G. & Nsikan, E. J. (2017). Workplace Mentoring Strategies and Sustainable Commitment of University Teaching Hospital Staff in South-South Region of Nigeria. Global Journal of Medical Research: K Interdisciplinary, 17(7).
Allen, T.D., Eby, L.T., O‟Brien, K.E. & Lentz, E. (2008). The state of mentoring research: A qualitative review of current research methods and future research implications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 343-357.
Anitha, J. (2016). Role of Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee Retention. ASBM Journal of Management, 9(1).
Baxter, M. (2015). Mentoring and employee commitment: an investigation into the levels of mentoring received and employee commitment within the inside sales function of a technology organization. A Master’s dissertation submitted to the National College of Ireland.
Brown, B.P., Zablah, A.R. & Bellenger, D.N. (2008). The role of mentoring in promoting organizational commitment among black managers: An evaluation of the indirect effects of racial similarity and shared racial perspectives. Journal of Business Research, 61: 732–738
Chew, Y.T. & Wong, S.K. (2008). Effects of Career Mentoring Experience and Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Commitment and Intentions to Leave: A Study among Hotel Workers in Malaysia
Çiğdem, K. &Belgin, C. (2014). An empirical study on the role of career developmentprograms in organizations and organizational commitment on job satisfaction of employees. American Journal of Business and Management, 3(3): 178-191.
DeFranzo, S.E. (2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of Surveys. Snap Surveys. Available at: https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-surveys/
Demirel, Y., & Goc, K. (2013). The impact of organisational commitment on knowledge sharing. European Scientific Journal, 9(19), 945-963.
Fletcher, S., & Mullen, C. A. (Eds.). (2012). Sage handbook of mentoring and coaching in education. Sage.
Franco-Santos, Monica & Gomez-Mejia, Luis. (2015). Reward Systems. 10.1002/9781118785317.weom050102.
Greene,M. T. & Puetzer, M. (2002). The Value of Mentoring: A Strategic Approach to Retention and Recruitment. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 17(1), 63-70.
Hall, M. & Smith, D. (2009). Mentoring and turnover intentions in public accounting firms: a research note. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34 (6-7). pp. 695-704. ISSN 0361-3682 DOI: 10.1016/j.aos.2008.11.003
Hyung Park, J., Newman, A., Zhang, L., Wu, C. & Hooke, A. (2016) Mentoring functions and turnover intention: the mediating role of perceived organizational support, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27:11, 1173-1191, DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1062038
International Journal of Management, 25(4).
KAM (2018). Sparking Kenya’s Industrial Transformation for Job Creation.
Kirwan, C. (2016). Making sense of organizational learning: Putting theory into practice. Routledge.
Kizil, C., Cetin, A. & Zengin, H. (2012). The Impact of Mentoring on Job Commitment and Turnover Intentions of Accounting-Finance Academicians Employed in Turkey.
Korir, I. & Kipkebut, D. (2016). The Effect of Reward Management on Employees Commitment in the Universities in Nakuru County-Kenya. Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(4): 37-48. doi: 10.11648/j.jhrm.20160404.12
Kowo, S., Popoola, M.A., Akanmu., Akinrinola, O., Abdulazeez, S. & Alhaji. (2018). Moderating Influence of Organizational Reward System on Employee's Performance. 10.21272/sec.4(2).114-122.2018.
Kram, K. E. and Ragins, B. R. (2007) The Handbook of Mentoring at Work : Theory, Research, and Practice, Los Angelas: Sage Publications.
Lam, M., O'Donnell, M., & Robertson, D. (2015). Achieving employee commitment for continuous improvement initiatives. International Journal of Operations & Production Management.
Lambert, E., & Hogan, N. (2009). The importance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment in shaping turnover intent a test of a causal model. Criminal Justice Review, 34(1), 96-118.
Li, K.S., Tong, C. & Wong, A. (2014). The Impact of Career Development on Employee Commitment of Part-Time Faculty (PTF) in Hong Kong’s Continuing Professional
Development (CPD) Sector. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4. 52-73. 10.9734/BJESBS/2014/4810.
Mangione, L., Borden, K. A., Nadkarni, L., Evarts, K., & Hyde, K. (2018). Mentoring in clinical psychology programs: Broadening and deepening. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 12(1), 4.
MANUFACTURING PRIORITY AGENDA 2018. Sparking Kenya’s industrial Transformation for job creation. https://kam.co.ke/kam/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/2018-Manufacturing-Priority-Agenda.pdf
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, L. J., & Parfyonova, N. M. (2012). Employee commitment in context: The nature and implication of commitment profiles. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 80(1): 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.07.002
Ming, L.S. (2015). The Moderating Effect of Reward in the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Performance. Master’s Thesis Submitted to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahma
Ming, L.W. (2015). The Moderating Effect of Reward in the Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Performance. A Master’s Thesis Submitted to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
Mirugi, F. (2017). Role and Impact of EPZ in Attracting FDI in EPZ Apparel and Textile Industry in Kenya. Master’s Thesis Submitted to United States International University - Africa
Moshood, B., Sanjo, O., Taofeek, A. & Eze, B. (2019). Employee Commitment and Firm Performance: Evidence from a Manufacturing Firm in Nigeria. Research Gate.
Murphy, B. (2015). The impact of reward systems on employee performance. A Master’s thesis submitted to Dublin Business School.
Muuo, G.M. (2013). The Influence of Reward System on Organizational Performance in Public Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Nairobi Zone, Kenya . A Master’s
Research Project Submitted to the University of Nairobi.
Newman, A. & Sheikh, A. (2012). Organizational rewards and employee commitment: A Chinese study. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 27. 71-89. 10.1108/02683941211193866.
Niehaves, B., & Ortbach, K. (2016). The inner and the outer model in explanatory design theory: the case of designing electronic feedback systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 25(4), 303-316.
Nnaji-Ihedinmah, N. C., & Egbunike, F. C. (2015). Effect of rewards on employee performance in organizations: a study of selected commercial banks in Awka metropolis. European Journal of Business and management, 7(4), 80-88.
Nyamori, S. (2015). The Effect of Workplace Mentoring on Employee Performance: A Case Study of SOS Children’s Villages. A Master’s Project Report Submitted to United States International University Africa
Onyia, V.A., Asikhia, O.U., Egbuta, O.U. & Makinde, G.O.(2019). Rethinking Mentorship and Organizational Commitment in Nigerian Academia. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, 7(4).
Oyoo M. O.et. al. (2015). Effect Of Reward Practices on Employee Commitment in Faith Based Health Organizations in Kakamega County, Kenya. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 5(10): 729-743
Özdem, G. (2012). The relationship between the organizational citizenship behaviors and the organizational and professional commitments of secondary school teachers. Journal of Global strategic management.
Park, H. Y., Christie, R. L., & Sype, G. E. (2014). Organisational commitment and turnover intention in union and non union firms. Sage Open. doi: 10.1177/215824401 3518928.
Ramalho, J. (2014). Mentoring in the workplace. Industrial and Commercial Training.
Ramshaw, A. (2018). The Complete Guide to Acceptable Survey Response Rates, Genre.
Shu Hui, W. & Soon Yau, F. (2004). The Use of Hierarchical-Based Reward Systems In Moderating The Relationship between Management Accounting System and Organizational Learning. Malaysian Accounting Review, 3(1).
Signé, L. & Johnson, C. (2018). The potential of manufacturing and industrialization in Africa Trends, opportunities, and strategies https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Manufacturing-and-Industrialization-in-Africa-Signe-20180921.pdf
Signé, L., & Johnson, C. (2018). The Potential of Manufacturing and Industrialization in Africa: Trends. Opportunities, and Strategies.
Strydom, A. (2011). The job satisfaction of academic staff members on fixed-term employment contracts at South African higher education institutions (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State).
Tolera, D.G. (2018). Effects of employees’ commitment on organizational performance at Arjo Didessa Sugar Factory. African Journal of Business Management, 12(9): 252-257.
Too, R., & Kwasira, D. J. (2017). Evaluation of Employee Retention Practices to Generation Y at Cooperative Bank in the County of Nairobi, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 9 (11), 43, 53.
Turner, P. (2019). Employee engagement in contemporary organizations: Maintaining high productivity and sustained competitiveness. Springer Nature.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (2015). Strengthening of the Pharmaceutical Industry. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2015-04/pbc31_9en_0.pdf
Van Vianen, A. E., Rosenauer, D., Homan, A. C., Horstmeier, C. A., & Voelpel, S. C. (2018). Career mentoring in context: A multilevel study on differentiated career mentoring and career mentoring climate. Human Resource Management, 57(2), 583-599.
Visagie, C. M., & Steyn, C. (2011). Organisational commitment and responses to planned organisational change: An exploratory study. Southern African Business Review, 15(3), 98-121.
Wei, Y. & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2009). The moderating role of reward system in the relationship between market orientation and new product performance in China.
International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26: 89-96. 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2008.11.001.
Xerri, M. J., & Brunetto, Y. (2013). Fostering innovative behaviour: The importance of employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), 3163-3177.
Xie, X., & Gao, Y. (2018). Strategic networks and new product performance: the mediating role of ambidextrous innovation. Technology analysis & strategic management, 30(7), 811-824.
Yang, C., Guo, N., Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2019). The effects of mentoring on hotel staff turnover: Organizational and occupational embeddedness as mediators. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Yilmaz, K., & Çokluk-Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2008). Organisational citizenship behaviours and organisational commitment in Turkish primary schools. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3(5): 775-780.
Zeldin, S., Christens, B. D., & Powers, J. L. (2013). The psychology and practice of youth-adult partnership: Bridging generations for youth development and community change. American journal of community psychology, 51(3-4), 385-397.
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2021-10-24
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Articles
