Psychological Barriers to Satisfaction of Reproductive Health Needs of the Age-Cohort 10-24 Years in Imo State, Nigeria
##article.abstract##
This study sought to investigate psychological barriers to satisfaction of reproductive health needs of the age-cohort 10-24 years in Imo State, Nigeria. To facilitate the realization of this objective, three research questions and two hypotheses were postulated for the study. The population for the study was 93,250 which comprised of students in secondary and tertiary institutions in Imo State. Using the multi-stage sampling procedure, a sample size of 5010 students was drawn. The sample size represented 5 per cent of the population. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design. The instrument used for data collection was a self-constructed questionnaire, known as PSYBARNAC which contained 13 items in two sections A & B. Section ‘A’ contained the personal data (age and gender) of respondents while section ‘B’ contained the psychological barriers to satisfaction of reproductive health needs. The instrument was validated by a jury of 3 experts drawn from the department of Physical and Health Education, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri. The reliability co-efficient of 0.88 was derived using Pearson Product Moment Reliability co-efficient. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentage and mean in answering the research questions while inferential statistic of Z-test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that young persons are faced with psychological barriers to reproductive health needs. The findings further revealed that the psychological barriers experienced by age cohort 10-24 years vary by different age groups and gender. Based on the findings of the study, the investigators recommended that, the government through the Ministry of Education and Health should package a sex education programme for young persons of varying age and other status (gender, sexual activity).
References
Becker, N.H. (1974). The health belief model and personal behaviour. Thorofare, N.J. Slack
Best, K. (2000). Many youth face grim sexually transmitted diseases risks. Network, 20(3), 4-5
Brookmeyer, K.A. & Henrich, C.C. (2009). Disentangling adolescent pathways of sexual risk taking. J. Prim Prev; 30:677-96
Campbell, J., Garcia-Moreno, C. & Sharps, P. (2004). Abuse during pregnancy in industrialized and developing countries. New York: Violence Against Women Group.
Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Youth risky behaviours Surveillance-United States. Retrieved June 8, 2015 from http//www.cdc.govt/mmuir/ preview/ mmwrhtml/ss5905a1.
Derbyshire, H. (2002). Gender manual: A practical guide for development, policy makers and practitioners. United Kingdom Department for International Development. Retrieved from: \www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/gendermanualpdf.
Etuck, S.J., Ihejiamaizu, E.C. & Etuck, I. (2004). Female adolescent sexual behaviour in Calabar, Nigeria.Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 11: 269-273.
Family Health International (FHI). (2000). Intervention strategies that work for youth: Summary of focus on youth adults end of program-report. Research Triangle Park, NC: Family Health International.
Galli, N. (1980) Foundations and principles of health education. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc.
Geddess, L., & Grosset, L. (2002). Sexual health. Scotland: David Dale House.
Jewkes, R., Dunkle, K., Nduma; & Shai, N., (2010). Intimate partner violence, relationship, gender power inequity and incidence of HIV infection in young one in South Africa: A cohort Study. Lancet, 36(5), 204-215.
Luffy, S.M., Evans, D.P.; & Rodiat, R.W. (2015). Siepre me critican: Barriers to reproductive health in Ocotal, Nicaragus. Nicaragus: Re Param Salud Publica.
Luke, N. (2003). Age and economic asymmetries in the sexual relationships of adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. Student Family Planning, 3: 67-86.
Obaid, T. (2003). Adolescents need access to reproductive health information and services. New York: UNFPA. August 8, 2002, from http://www.unfpa.org/new/news/2003/pressroom/adolescents.htm
Opara, J.S. (2010) Barriers to satisfaction to reproductive health needs of Age-cohort 10-24 years in Imo State, Nigeria. Ph.D Dissertation Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka.
Opara, J.S., Fidelis, M.N., & Mgbeahuruike, C.C, (2015) Gender differentials in reproductive health needs of in-school adolescents in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, Nigeria.
Population Refernce Bureau (PRB). (2000). Improving reproductive health in development countries. Washington, DC: (PRB).
Redding, C.A., Rossi, J.S., Rossi, S.R., Velicer, W.F., & Prochaska, J.O. (2000) Health behaviour model. The International Electronic Journal of Health Education (IEJHE), 3 (special issues), 180-183, October, 11,2015 from http://www.iejhe.Siu.edu.
Robinson, T.N, Partric, K., Eng, T.R. & Gustafson, D. (2012). Sexual health. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Infection, 83(4): 90-102.
Silverman, J.G., Decker, M; Saggurti, N., Balaid, D., & Raj, A. (2008). Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among married Indian Women. JAMA 300(6), 703-710.
Slap, G.B, Lot, L. Huang, B., Daniyam, C.A, Zink, T.M, & Succop, P.A. (2003) Sexual behaviour of adolescents in Nigeria: Cross sectional survey of secondary school students. British Medical Journal. 326 (7379): 1-6.
Society for Family Health and Action AIDS International, Nigeria (2006). Peer education plus model for HIV prevention among most-at-risk population: Transport workers Toolkit for HIV Intervention. Lagos: Heinemann educational Books.
Trenholm, C., Daveney, B, Fortson, K. Clark, M, Quay, L & Wheeler, J. (2008) Impacts of abstinence education on teen sexual activity, risk of pregnancy, and risk of sexually transmitted Disease. Journal of Policy and Management. 27(2), 255-276.
United Nations (UN) (1994). Report of the international conference on population and development. (A/CONF. 171/13-14). New York: United Nations.
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (1998). Gender based violence. UNFPA
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2002). UNFPA welcomes Africa’s support, recommits to saving lives in developing world. Press Release. New York: UNFPA.
World Bank (2009). The cross of violence. Washington, DC: World Bank.
