Growth Performance, Carcass Yield and Organosomatic Indices of Clariasgariepinus Fed Propolis and Ag-zyme as Dietary Additives
##article.subject##:
: Fish Nutrition, Growth Promotants, Enzyme Supplementation, Propolis Extract Fish Cultivation and Fish Medicine
##article.abstract##
In order to achieve self-sufficiency in fish production and supply in the subsequent years, cultured fish must be adequately fed diet to promote growth using additives.This study evaluated the effects of aqueous propolis extract and Ag-Zyme on growth performance, carcass yield and organosomatic indices of Clariasgariepinus. Eight isonitrogenous diets containing 40% Crude Protein: Control (0%), AGZ1 (0.35%), AGZ2 (0.7%), AGZ3
(1.4%), PRP1 (0.5%), PRP2 (1%), PRP3 (2%) and PRP4 (4%) were formulated. 15
fingerlings were stocked per treatments in triplicates and fed 5% body weight for 84days.Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), carcass yield, percentage dress out, body weight yield and organosomatic indices were measured using standard methods. Data were
0.05).The result revealed that the MWG,SGR,RGR ranged from 37.21g to 70.00g; 0.57g to 0.83g;621.23g to 1250.00g respectively. The highest MWG was from fish fed PRP2 diet, closely followed by AGZ3 diet and the least from the control diet. The highest FCR (3.4) was from the control diet and the least from the fish fed PRP2 diet (2.52).Percentage (%) dress out and carcass yield showed no significant (p>0.05) difference across the treatments. Highest body weight yield was from PRP4 (101.43±3.89), closely followed by PRP2 diet (99.31±0.33) and the least was from AGZ3diet (74.22±8.01). Head yield showed significant (p<0.05) difference across the treatments. Hepatosomatic (HIS), Renosomatic(RSI), Visceralsomatic (VSI), Gillsomatic (GSI) and Fat deposit indices (FDI) showed significant (p<0.05) difference, while Cerebrosomatic (CBI) and Cardiosomatic(CSI) indices did not vary significantly among the diets. Propolis (PRP2) gave the best growth and could be recommended in practices, as dietary additive for optimal growth of Clariasgariepinus without necessarily compromising the health integrity of the fish. Alternatively, Agzyme (AGZ3) can also be used as alternative to propolis.
References
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Acikoz, Z., Yucel, B., &Altan, O. (2005). The effects of propolis supplementation on broiler performance and feed digestibility. ArchivfürGeflügelkunde, 69, 117-122.
Aderemi, F.A. (2003). Effect of enzyme supplemented cassava root sieviet in cassava based deit on some visceral organs of pullet chicks . In: E.a.Olatunji,B.A.,Ayanwale, E.L., Shiawoya and A. Aremu (eds). Proceedings of 8th annual Conference of Animal science association of Nigeria. Minna. 17- 24pp.
Aderolu, A.Z., Kuton, M.P., & Odu-Onikosi, S.G. (2009). Substitution effect of Sorghum meal for maize meal in the diet of catfish (Clariasgariepinus, Burchell,1882) juvenile. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2(4), 46-48.
Adewole, A.M. (2014). Effects of Rosselle as dietary additives on growth performance and production economy of Clariasgariepinus. 1stInternational Conference Proceedings on Emerging Trends for Sustainable Development and Human Capacity Building in the Third World Nations 28-31 May,
J.H.K. Conference Hall. The Institutes of African studies, University of Ghana.457-464.
Ahmad, M., Qureish, T.A., & Singh, A. B. (2012) The effect of dietary protein , lipid and carbohydrate containing contents on viscera composition and organ indices of Cyprinuscarpiocomminis fingerlings. African Journal of Biotecchnology 11 (33), 8361- 8366.
Anderson, T., Forlin, L, Hardig, J., & Larsson, A. (1988). A physiological disturbance in fish living in coastal water polluted with bleached Kraft pulp mill effluents. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 45, 1525 – 1536.
Bonomi, A. (2002). Propolis in the feed of small species, InformatoreAgrario, 58, 41-43. Bonomi, A., (2003). Use of propolis in the feeding of sows. Rivista di Suinicoltura, 2, 101-106. Chot, M. (2009). Managing gut health through nutrition. Brit. Poult. Sci. 50(1), 9-15.
Cuesta, A., Rodriguez, A., Esteban, M.A., & Meseguer, J. (2005). In vivo effects of propolis, a honeybee product, on gilthead seabream innate immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 18, 71–80.
Debnath, D., Pal, A.K., Sahu, N. P., Jain, K..K., Yengkokpam, S., & Mukherjee, S.C. (2005). Effect of dietary microbial phytasesupplementatation on growth and nutrient digestibility of Pangasiuspangasius (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquacult. Res. 36,180-187.
Deng, J., An, Q., Bi, B., Wang, Q., Kong, L., Tao, L., & Zhang, X. (2011). Effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on growth performance, and plasma biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss. Journal of Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37, 959- 967.
Denli, M., Cankaya, S., Silici, S., Okan F. and Uluocak. A. N. (2005). Effect of dietary addition of Turkish propolis on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum variables of quail (Coturnixcoturnix japonica). Asian-Australian Journal of Animals Science, 18, 848-854.
Dogan, D., & Can, C. (2011). Endocrine disruption and altered biochemical indices in male
Oncorhynchusmykissin response to dimethoate. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
Esonu, B.O., Emenelonu, O.O., Madewere, C.C., Udedibie, A.B., & Uchegbu, O.A. (2008). Evaluation of oil palm (Eaelsisguinensis) leaf meal a feed ingredient in broiler diets. Nig. J. .Anim. Prod. 35(1), 32- 39
FAO.(2012).The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 230 pages.
Gabriel, U.U., Amakiri, N.E., & Ezeri, G.N. (2007). Haematology and gill pathology of Clariasgeriepinusexposed to refined petroleum oil, kerosene under laboratory conditions. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances, 6(3), 461-465.
Instirtoris, L., Siroko, O., Undeger, U., Basara, N., Banerjee, B. D., & Desi, I. (2001). Detection of the effects of repeated dose combined propoxur and heavy metal exposure by measurement of certain toxicological, haematological and immune function parameters in rats. Toxicology, 163, 185-193.
Islam, M.Z., Khandar, Z.H., Chowdhury, S.D., & Islam, K.M.S. (2008). Effect of Citric and acetic acid on performance of broiler. J. Banglandesh Agric.Univ.6 (2), 315-320.
Jackson, L.S., Li, M.H., & Robinson, E.H. (1996). Use of microbial phytase in channel catfish Icthaluruspunctatus diets to improve utilization of phytate phosphorous. J. World Aquaculture Soc. 27,309-313.
Krell, R. (1996). Value added products from beekeeping: Chapter 5: Propolis. FAO Agriculture Services Bulletin
Mclaughlin, P.A.(1983). Internal anatomy. In: Bliss, D.E. and Mantel, T.H. (Eds). The Biology of Crustacea.
Academic Press, New York.
Meurer, F., de Costa, M., de Barros, D., de Oliveira, S., & da Paixao, P. (2009). Brown propolis extract in feed as a growth promoter of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus, Linnaeus 1758) fingerlings.. Journal of Fish Biology, Pp. 5.
Nagai, T., Inoueb, R., Inoueb, H., & Suzukic, N. (2003). Preparation and antioxidant properties of water extract of propolis. Food Chemistry, 80, 29-33.
Ndelekwute, E.K., Uzegbu, H.O., Amaefule, K.U., Okereke, C.O., & Umoh, B.I.(2014). Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens. Nigerian Society for Animal Production. P60-67.
Ndelekwute, E.K., Amaefule, K.U., & Onen, G.E.(2012a). Carcass yield and internal organs of broiler chickens fed diets treated with organic acids. . Nigerian Journal for Animal Prod.39 (10),190-198. P60 - 67.
Nwiro, E. (2012). Fish Farming a Lucrative Business. Accessed online 20th October 2012 from http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fish-farming-a-lucrative-business/119253/ of the United Nations, Rome.
Olukunle (2009). Utilization and growth response of Clariasgariepinus fingerlings fed varying inclusion levels of Livestock vitamin grower‘s premix. 24th Annual Conference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria. Conference Proceedings, held at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, 26th-28th October, 2009. 170-173.
Sforcin, J.M., & Bankova, V. (2011). Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs?. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133, 253-260.
Soltan, M.A. (2009). Effect of dietary fishmeal replacement by poultry byproduct meal with different grain source and enzyme supplementation on performance, feces recovery ,body composition and nutrient balance of Nile tilapia. Pak. J. Nutr.8 (4) 395-407.
Suleyman, A., Ibrahim, O., Fatma, D., & Nesrin, K. (2010). Growth, slaughter yield and proximate composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) raised under commercial farming condition in black sea. Research Article,Pp 2.
Tijani, B. (2011). Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Action Plan Towards the Attainment of a Sustainable Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria. Being a Lead Paper Delivered at the World Food Day Seminar,Agricultural Show Ground Keffi Road, Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 1 – 10.
Wang, B. J., Lien Y. H., & Yu, Z. R. (2003). Supercritical fluid extractive fractionation-study of the antioxidant activities of propolis. Food Chemestry, 86, 237-243.
Velotto, S. Vital, C. Varriccho, E., & Crasto, A. (2010). Effects of propolis on muscular development and histomopholometrical characteristics.ACTAVET.BRNO,79;543-550;doi:25754/avb2010790543.
Yaser, S. (2002). In-vitro and in-vivo variability in the nutritional compositions of wheat varieties. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 1: 248-256.
Zamini, A. A., Kanami, H.G., Esmaeili, A.A., Ramezani, S., & Zoriezahra, S. J. (2014). Effects of two dietary exogenous multi –enzyme supplementation , natuzyme and beta- mannanase
(Hemicell), on growth and blood parameters of Caspian salmon(Salmontruttacaspius). Copm. Clin. Pathol. 23, 187-192.
BIO-DATA
Acikoz, Z., Yucel, B., &Altan, O. (2005). The effects of propolis supplementation on broiler performance and feed digestibility. ArchivfürGeflügelkunde, 69, 117-122.
Aderemi, F.A. (2003). Effect of enzyme supplemented cassava root sieviet in cassava based deit on some visceral organs of pullet chicks . In: E.a.Olatunji,B.A.,Ayanwale, E.L., Shiawoya and A. Aremu (eds). Proceedings of 8th annual Conference of Animal science association of Nigeria. Minna. 17- 24pp.
Aderolu, A.Z., Kuton, M.P., & Odu-Onikosi, S.G. (2009). Substitution effect of Sorghum meal for maize meal in the diet of catfish (Clariasgariepinus, Burchell,1882) juvenile. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2(4), 46-48.
Adewole, A.M. (2014). Effects of Rosselle as dietary additives on growth performance and production economy of Clariasgariepinus. 1stInternational Conference Proceedings on Emerging Trends for Sustainable Development and Human Capacity Building in the Third World Nations 28-31 May,
J.H.K. Conference Hall. The Institutes of African studies, University of Ghana.457-464.
Ahmad, M., Qureish, T.A., & Singh, A. B. (2012) The effect of dietary protein , lipid and carbohydrate containing contents on viscera composition and organ indices of Cyprinuscarpiocomminis fingerlings. African Journal of Biotecchnology 11 (33), 8361- 8366.
Anderson, T., Forlin, L, Hardig, J., & Larsson, A. (1988). A physiological disturbance in fish living in coastal water polluted with bleached Kraft pulp mill effluents. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 45, 1525 – 1536.
Bonomi, A. (2002). Propolis in the feed of small species, InformatoreAgrario, 58, 41-43. Bonomi, A., (2003). Use of propolis in the feeding of sows. Rivista di Suinicoltura, 2, 101-106. Chot, M. (2009). Managing gut health through nutrition. Brit. Poult. Sci. 50(1), 9-15.
Cuesta, A., Rodriguez, A., Esteban, M.A., & Meseguer, J. (2005). In vivo effects of propolis, a honeybee product, on gilthead seabream innate immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 18, 71–80.
Debnath, D., Pal, A.K., Sahu, N. P., Jain, K..K., Yengkokpam, S., & Mukherjee, S.C. (2005). Effect of dietary microbial phytasesupplementatation on growth and nutrient digestibility of Pangasiuspangasius (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquacult. Res. 36,180-187.
Deng, J., An, Q., Bi, B., Wang, Q., Kong, L., Tao, L., & Zhang, X. (2011). Effect of ethanolic extract of propolis on growth performance, and plasma biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss. Journal of Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37, 959- 967.
Denli, M., Cankaya, S., Silici, S., Okan F. and Uluocak. A. N. (2005). Effect of dietary addition of Turkish propolis on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum variables of quail (Coturnixcoturnix japonica). Asian-Australian Journal of Animals Science, 18, 848-854.
Dogan, D., & Can, C. (2011). Endocrine disruption and altered biochemical indices in male
Oncorhynchusmykissin response to dimethoate. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
Esonu, B.O., Emenelonu, O.O., Madewere, C.C., Udedibie, A.B., & Uchegbu, O.A. (2008). Evaluation of oil palm (Eaelsisguinensis) leaf meal a feed ingredient in broiler diets. Nig. J. .Anim. Prod. 35(1), 32- 39
FAO.(2012).The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 230 pages.
Gabriel, U.U., Amakiri, N.E., & Ezeri, G.N. (2007). Haematology and gill pathology of Clariasgeriepinusexposed to refined petroleum oil, kerosene under laboratory conditions. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advances, 6(3), 461-465.
Instirtoris, L., Siroko, O., Undeger, U., Basara, N., Banerjee, B. D., & Desi, I. (2001). Detection of the effects of repeated dose combined propoxur and heavy metal exposure by measurement of certain toxicological, haematological and immune function parameters in rats. Toxicology, 163, 185-193.
Islam, M.Z., Khandar, Z.H., Chowdhury, S.D., & Islam, K.M.S. (2008). Effect of Citric and acetic acid on performance of broiler. J. Banglandesh Agric.Univ.6 (2), 315-320.
Jackson, L.S., Li, M.H., & Robinson, E.H. (1996). Use of microbial phytase in channel catfish Icthaluruspunctatus diets to improve utilization of phytate phosphorous. J. World Aquaculture Soc. 27,309-313.
Krell, R. (1996). Value added products from beekeeping: Chapter 5: Propolis. FAO Agriculture Services Bulletin
Mclaughlin, P.A.(1983). Internal anatomy. In: Bliss, D.E. and Mantel, T.H. (Eds). The Biology of Crustacea.
Academic Press, New York.
Meurer, F., de Costa, M., de Barros, D., de Oliveira, S., & da Paixao, P. (2009). Brown propolis extract in feed as a growth promoter of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus, Linnaeus 1758) fingerlings.. Journal of Fish Biology, Pp. 5.
Nagai, T., Inoueb, R., Inoueb, H., & Suzukic, N. (2003). Preparation and antioxidant properties of water extract of propolis. Food Chemistry, 80, 29-33.
Ndelekwute, E.K., Uzegbu, H.O., Amaefule, K.U., Okereke, C.O., & Umoh, B.I.(2014). Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens. Nigerian Society for Animal Production. P60-67.
Ndelekwute, E.K., Amaefule, K.U., & Onen, G.E.(2012a). Carcass yield and internal organs of broiler chickens fed diets treated with organic acids. . Nigerian Journal for Animal Prod.39 (10),190-198. P60 - 67.
Nwiro, E. (2012). Fish Farming a Lucrative Business. Accessed online 20th October 2012 from http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fish-farming-a-lucrative-business/119253/ of the United Nations, Rome.
Olukunle (2009). Utilization and growth response of Clariasgariepinus fingerlings fed varying inclusion levels of Livestock vitamin grower‘s premix. 24th Annual Conference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria. Conference Proceedings, held at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, 26th-28th October, 2009. 170-173.
Sforcin, J.M., & Bankova, V. (2011). Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs?. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133, 253-260.
Soltan, M.A. (2009). Effect of dietary fishmeal replacement by poultry byproduct meal with different grain source and enzyme supplementation on performance, feces recovery ,body composition and nutrient balance of Nile tilapia. Pak. J. Nutr.8 (4) 395-407.
Suleyman, A., Ibrahim, O., Fatma, D., & Nesrin, K. (2010). Growth, slaughter yield and proximate composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) raised under commercial farming condition in black sea. Research Article,Pp 2.
Tijani, B. (2011). Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Action Plan Towards the Attainment of a Sustainable Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria. Being a Lead Paper Delivered at the World Food Day Seminar,Agricultural Show Ground Keffi Road, Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 1 – 10.
Wang, B. J., Lien Y. H., & Yu, Z. R. (2003). Supercritical fluid extractive fractionation-study of the antioxidant activities of propolis. Food Chemestry, 86, 237-243.
Velotto, S. Vital, C. Varriccho, E., & Crasto, A. (2010). Effects of propolis on muscular development and histomopholometrical characteristics.ACTAVET.BRNO,79;543-550;doi:25754/avb2010790543.
Yaser, S. (2002). In-vitro and in-vivo variability in the nutritional compositions of wheat varieties. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 1: 248-256.
Zamini, A. A., Kanami, H.G., Esmaeili, A.A., Ramezani, S., & Zoriezahra, S. J. (2014). Effects of two dietary exogenous multi –enzyme supplementation , natuzyme and beta- mannanase
(Hemicell), on growth and blood parameters of Caspian salmon(Salmontruttacaspius). Copm. Clin. Pathol. 23, 187-192.
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