Prospects of Fungus-Based Biopesticides for Management of Insect Vectors of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease
##article.subject##:
Maize lethal necrosis, Thrips, Aphids, Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma asperellum, Biopesticides.
##article.abstract##
Maize, Zea mays L., production in Kenya is constrained by both biotic and abiotic factors. For instance, maize lethal necrosis (MLN) was first reported in Bomet County in 2011 and has since spread to other maize growing areas. In Kenya, MLN is reported to be caused by a co-infection of maize plant by Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Since this disease is new to Africa, there is little information about management of its insect vectors. To develop management strategies for MLN insect vectors, a field experiment was conducted using fungus-based biopesticides, Metarhizium anisopliae (MA) and Trichoderma asperellum (TA), and Nurelle*D 50/500EC (NuD) insecticide. Seven treatment were used: 1) untreated plot; 2) soil application of TA with foliar sprays of NuD; 3) soil application of TA with foliar spray of MA; 4) soil application of TA with foliar spray of MA and NuD; 5) foliar spray of NuD alone; 6) foliar sprays of MA alone; 7) soil application of TA alone. Data on MLN insect vectors were collected bi-weekly. Single and combined NuD application with biopesticides reduced population densities of various thrips species up to 5.1 folds compared to the controls. At peak period for aphid infestation, plots receiving single and combined application of TA and MA and treatment combination of TA, MA and NuD outperformed those receiving single and combined application of NuD with TA in reducing population of R. maidis. This study demonstrated that combined use of biopesticides and NuD can effectively manage MLN vectors.
References
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Anderson TE, Roberts DW (1983). Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana Isolates with Insecticide Formulations Used in Colorado Potato Beetle ( Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae ) Control. Journal of Economic Entomology, (76), 1437–1441.
Asi MR, Bashir MH, Afzal M, Ashfaq M, Sahi ST (2010). Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and paecilomyces fumosoroseus with selective insecticides. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(6), 4207–4214.
Atieno JO, Poehling H, Pallman P (2015). Combination of soil-applied azadirachtin with entomopathogens for integrated management of western flower thrips. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140(3), 174–186.
Cabanas D, Watanabe S, Higashi CH (2013). Dissecting the Mode of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Transmission ( Tombusviridae : Machlomovirus ) by Frankliniella williamsi ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae). Journal of economic entomology, 103(1), 16–24.
Castillo-Loayza. (1977). Maize virus and virus-like diseases in Peru. In: Williams LE, Gordon DT, Nault LR. (eds) Proc Int Maize Virus Disease Colloquim Workshop , 16-19 August. Journal of Phytopathology, pp 40–44.
Chandler D,Bailey A, Mark TG,Davidson G, Greaves J, Grant W (2011). The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for Integrated Pest Management, 366(1573).
Coats JR, Karr LL, Drewes CD (1991). Toxicity and Neurotoxic Effects of Monoterpenoids (pp. 305–316). https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0449.ch020
Elsharkawy MM, Shimizu M, Takahashi H, Ozaki K, Hyakumachi, M (2013). Induction of systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana by Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1. Plant Pathology Journal, 29(2), 193–200.
FAO. (2011). Situation Analysis: Improving Food Safety in the Maize Value Chain in Kenya. Report prepared for FAO by Prof . Erastus Kang ’ ethe College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science University of Nairobi
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Hassan M, Sahi GM, Wakil W, Imanat Y (2003). Aphid transmission of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural, 40(1–2), 74–76.
Inglis DG, Johnson DL, Goettel MS (1997). Field and laboratory evaluation of two conidial batches of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against grasshoppers. The Canadian Entomologist, 129(1), 171–186.
Kagoda F, Gidoi R, Isabirye EB (2016). Status of maize lethal necrosis in eastern Uganda. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(8), 652–660.
Kasina M, Nderitu J, Nyamasyo G, Waturu C, Olubayo F, Obudho E (2009). Within-plant distribution and seasonal population dynamics of flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Kenya. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3), 652–659.
Kiarie S, Nyasani JO, Gohole LS, Maniania NK, Subramanian S (In Press) Impact of fungus endophyte colonization of maize (Zea mays L.) plants on induced resistance to thrips- and aphid-transmitted viruses. African Journal of biotechnology. Man.Num AJB/19.12.19/17032.
Kibaki JJ, Francis M (2013). Controlling Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease via Vector Management.
Lehtonen PT, Helander M, Siddiqui SA, Lehto K, Saikkonen K (2006). Endophytic fungus decreases plant virus infections in meadow ryegrass (Lolium pratense). Biology letters, 2(4), 620–623.
Louie R (1980). Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Kenya. Plant Disease, 64, 944.
MAFAP (2013). Ministry of Agriculture Food security assessment report, (March), 0–23.
Mahuku G, Wangai A, Sadessa K, Teklewold A, Wegary D, Adams I, Smith J, Braidwood L, Feyissa B, Regassa B, Wanjala B, Kimunye JN, Mugambi C, BoTtomley E, Bryce S, Ayalneh D, Prasanna B. (2015). First report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Maize lethal necrosis on maize in Ethiopia. Plant Disease, 99(12), 1870.
Makumbi G, Wangai A (2012). Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and actions, 4. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/Fileadmin/User_upload/Drought/Docs/1 Maize Lethal Necrosis-(MLN) Facts and Actions.Pdf (6.4.16).
Maniania NK, Ekesi S, Löhr B, Mwangi F (2002). Prospects for biological control of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, on chrysanthemum. Mycopathologia, 155(4), 229–235.
Maniania NK, Sithanantham S, Ekesi S, Ampong-Nyarko K, Baumgärtner J, Löhr B, Matoka C (2003). A field trial of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for control of onion thrips , Thrips tabaci. Crop Protection, 22, 553–559.
Mezzalama M, Das B, Prasanna B (2015). MLN pathogen diagnosis, MLN-free seed production and safe exchange to non-endemic countries. Research gate, 1-9. Retrieved from http://repository.cimmyt.org:8080/xmlui/handle/10883/4284
Moritz G, Brandt S, Triapitsyn S, Subramanian S (2013). Identification and information tools for pest thrips in East Africa. QBIT, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Niassy S, Maniania NK, Subramanian S, Gitonga LM, Mburu DM, Masiga D, Ekesi S (2012). Selection of promising fungal biological control agent of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), 487–493.
Nyasani J.O., Kusia E., & Subramanian, S. (2015a). Thrips as pests and vectors of Maize chlorotic mottle virus in maize. In Xth International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses (pp. 1–139). California.
Nyasani JO, Subramanian S, Poehling HM, Maniania NK, Ekesi S, Meyhöfer R (2015b). Optimizing western flower thrips management on French beans by combined use of beneficials and imidacloprid. Insects, 6(1), 279–296.
Nyvall. (1999). Field Crop Diseases: Robert F. Nyvall: 9780813820798: Amazon.com: Books. Retrieved December 8, 2015, from http://www.amazon.com/Field-Crop-Diseases-Robert-Nyvall/dp/0813820790
Onono PA, Wawire NW, Ombuki H (2013). The response of maize production in Kenya to economic incentives. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(2), 2168–8662.
Ouma B, Muthomi J, Nderitu J, Toroitich F (2014). Management of Thrips in French Bean by Integrating Biological and Synthetic Pesticides in Conventional Spray Regimes. Journal of Renewable Agriculture, 2(2), 27.
Pachamuthu P, Kamble ST (2000). In vivo study on combined toxicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain ESC-1 with sublethal doses of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and cyfluthrin against German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of economic entomology, 93(1), 60–70.
R Core Team. (2015). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.r-project.org/
Shoresh M, Harman GE (2008). The molecular basis of shoot responses of maize seedlings to Trichoderma harzianum T22 inoculation of the root: a proteomic approach. Plant physiology, 147(4), 2147–2163.
Summers CG, Allbert SN (2001). Key to aphids of small grains, corn, and sorghum. UC Plant Protection Quarterly.
Vitti A, La Monaca E, Sofo A, Scopa A, Cuypers A, Nuzzaci M (2015). Beneficial effects of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in tomato seedlings infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). BioControl, 60(1), 135–147.
Wangai, A. W., Redinbaugh, M. G., Kinyua, Z. M., Miano, D. W., Leley, P. K., Kasina, M., … Jeffers, D. (2012). First Report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Maize Lethal Necrosis in Kenya. Plant Disease, 96(10), 1582–1582. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-12-0576-pdn
Wangai AW, Redinbaugh MG, Kinyua ZM, Miano DW, Leley PK, Kasina M, Jeffers D (2012). First Report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Maize Lethal Necrosis in Kenya. Plant Disease, 96(10), 1582.
Wokabi SM (2013). Sustainability of Maize production in Kenya. Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 5(2), 2.
Zehnder GW, Yao C, Murphy JF, Sikora ER, Kloepper JW, Schuster DJ, Polston JE (1999). Microbe-Induced Resistance Against Pathogens and Herbivores: Evidence of Effectiveness in Agriculture. Biochemisry, Ecology and Agriculture, 335–355. Retrieved from c:%5CMis documentos%5CInvestigaci?n%5CPGPR%5CZehnder-99-ISR.pdf
Zhao M, Ho H, Wu Y, He Y, Li M (2014). Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Transmits Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus. Journal of Phytopathology, 162(7–8), 532–536
Akello J (2012). Biodiversity of fungal endophytes associated with maize, sorghum and Napier grass and the influence of biopriming on resistance to leaf mining, stem boring and sap sucking insect pests. Ecology and Development Series No. 86. ZEF. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=K4GAMwEACAAJ
Anderson TE, Roberts DW (1983). Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana Isolates with Insecticide Formulations Used in Colorado Potato Beetle ( Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae ) Control. Journal of Economic Entomology, (76), 1437–1441.
Asi MR, Bashir MH, Afzal M, Ashfaq M, Sahi ST (2010). Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and paecilomyces fumosoroseus with selective insecticides. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(6), 4207–4214.
Atieno JO, Poehling H, Pallman P (2015). Combination of soil-applied azadirachtin with entomopathogens for integrated management of western flower thrips. Journal of Applied Entomology, 140(3), 174–186.
Cabanas D, Watanabe S, Higashi CH (2013). Dissecting the Mode of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Transmission ( Tombusviridae : Machlomovirus ) by Frankliniella williamsi ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae). Journal of economic entomology, 103(1), 16–24.
Castillo-Loayza. (1977). Maize virus and virus-like diseases in Peru. In: Williams LE, Gordon DT, Nault LR. (eds) Proc Int Maize Virus Disease Colloquim Workshop , 16-19 August. Journal of Phytopathology, pp 40–44.
Chandler D,Bailey A, Mark TG,Davidson G, Greaves J, Grant W (2011). The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for Integrated Pest Management, 366(1573).
Coats JR, Karr LL, Drewes CD (1991). Toxicity and Neurotoxic Effects of Monoterpenoids (pp. 305–316). https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0449.ch020
Elsharkawy MM, Shimizu M, Takahashi H, Ozaki K, Hyakumachi, M (2013). Induction of systemic resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana by Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1. Plant Pathology Journal, 29(2), 193–200.
FAO. (2011). Situation Analysis: Improving Food Safety in the Maize Value Chain in Kenya. Report prepared for FAO by Prof . Erastus Kang ’ ethe College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science University of Nairobi
FAO (2013). Workshop Report_Regional Platform on Plant pest and diseases. Retrieved December 10, 2015, from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/drought/docs/Workshop Report_Regional Platform on Plant pest and diseases.pdf
Hassan M, Sahi GM, Wakil W, Imanat Y (2003). Aphid transmission of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural, 40(1–2), 74–76.
Inglis DG, Johnson DL, Goettel MS (1997). Field and laboratory evaluation of two conidial batches of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against grasshoppers. The Canadian Entomologist, 129(1), 171–186.
Kagoda F, Gidoi R, Isabirye EB (2016). Status of maize lethal necrosis in eastern Uganda. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(8), 652–660.
Kasina M, Nderitu J, Nyamasyo G, Waturu C, Olubayo F, Obudho E (2009). Within-plant distribution and seasonal population dynamics of flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Kenya. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3), 652–659.
Kiarie S, Nyasani JO, Gohole LS, Maniania NK, Subramanian S (In Press) Impact of fungus endophyte colonization of maize (Zea mays L.) plants on induced resistance to thrips- and aphid-transmitted viruses. African Journal of biotechnology. Man.Num AJB/19.12.19/17032.
Kibaki JJ, Francis M (2013). Controlling Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease via Vector Management.
Lehtonen PT, Helander M, Siddiqui SA, Lehto K, Saikkonen K (2006). Endophytic fungus decreases plant virus infections in meadow ryegrass (Lolium pratense). Biology letters, 2(4), 620–623.
Louie R (1980). Sugarcane Mosaic Virus in Kenya. Plant Disease, 64, 944.
MAFAP (2013). Ministry of Agriculture Food security assessment report, (March), 0–23.
Mahuku G, Wangai A, Sadessa K, Teklewold A, Wegary D, Adams I, Smith J, Braidwood L, Feyissa B, Regassa B, Wanjala B, Kimunye JN, Mugambi C, BoTtomley E, Bryce S, Ayalneh D, Prasanna B. (2015). First report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Maize lethal necrosis on maize in Ethiopia. Plant Disease, 99(12), 1870.
Makumbi G, Wangai A (2012). Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and actions, 4. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/Fileadmin/User_upload/Drought/Docs/1 Maize Lethal Necrosis-(MLN) Facts and Actions.Pdf (6.4.16).
Maniania NK, Ekesi S, Löhr B, Mwangi F (2002). Prospects for biological control of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, on chrysanthemum. Mycopathologia, 155(4), 229–235.
Maniania NK, Sithanantham S, Ekesi S, Ampong-Nyarko K, Baumgärtner J, Löhr B, Matoka C (2003). A field trial of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for control of onion thrips , Thrips tabaci. Crop Protection, 22, 553–559.
Mezzalama M, Das B, Prasanna B (2015). MLN pathogen diagnosis, MLN-free seed production and safe exchange to non-endemic countries. Research gate, 1-9. Retrieved from http://repository.cimmyt.org:8080/xmlui/handle/10883/4284
Moritz G, Brandt S, Triapitsyn S, Subramanian S (2013). Identification and information tools for pest thrips in East Africa. QBIT, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Niassy S, Maniania NK, Subramanian S, Gitonga LM, Mburu DM, Masiga D, Ekesi S (2012). Selection of promising fungal biological control agent of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), 487–493.
Nyasani J.O., Kusia E., & Subramanian, S. (2015a). Thrips as pests and vectors of Maize chlorotic mottle virus in maize. In Xth International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses (pp. 1–139). California.
Nyasani JO, Subramanian S, Poehling HM, Maniania NK, Ekesi S, Meyhöfer R (2015b). Optimizing western flower thrips management on French beans by combined use of beneficials and imidacloprid. Insects, 6(1), 279–296.
Nyvall. (1999). Field Crop Diseases: Robert F. Nyvall: 9780813820798: Amazon.com: Books. Retrieved December 8, 2015, from http://www.amazon.com/Field-Crop-Diseases-Robert-Nyvall/dp/0813820790
Onono PA, Wawire NW, Ombuki H (2013). The response of maize production in Kenya to economic incentives. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(2), 2168–8662.
Ouma B, Muthomi J, Nderitu J, Toroitich F (2014). Management of Thrips in French Bean by Integrating Biological and Synthetic Pesticides in Conventional Spray Regimes. Journal of Renewable Agriculture, 2(2), 27.
Pachamuthu P, Kamble ST (2000). In vivo study on combined toxicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain ESC-1 with sublethal doses of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and cyfluthrin against German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of economic entomology, 93(1), 60–70.
R Core Team. (2015). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.r-project.org/
Shoresh M, Harman GE (2008). The molecular basis of shoot responses of maize seedlings to Trichoderma harzianum T22 inoculation of the root: a proteomic approach. Plant physiology, 147(4), 2147–2163.
Summers CG, Allbert SN (2001). Key to aphids of small grains, corn, and sorghum. UC Plant Protection Quarterly.
Vitti A, La Monaca E, Sofo A, Scopa A, Cuypers A, Nuzzaci M (2015). Beneficial effects of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in tomato seedlings infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). BioControl, 60(1), 135–147.
Wangai, A. W., Redinbaugh, M. G., Kinyua, Z. M., Miano, D. W., Leley, P. K., Kasina, M., … Jeffers, D. (2012). First Report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Maize Lethal Necrosis in Kenya. Plant Disease, 96(10), 1582–1582. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-12-0576-pdn
Wangai AW, Redinbaugh MG, Kinyua ZM, Miano DW, Leley PK, Kasina M, Jeffers D (2012). First Report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Maize Lethal Necrosis in Kenya. Plant Disease, 96(10), 1582.
Wokabi SM (2013). Sustainability of Maize production in Kenya. Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 5(2), 2.
Zehnder GW, Yao C, Murphy JF, Sikora ER, Kloepper JW, Schuster DJ, Polston JE (1999). Microbe-Induced Resistance Against Pathogens and Herbivores: Evidence of Effectiveness in Agriculture. Biochemisry, Ecology and Agriculture, 335–355. Retrieved from c:%5CMis documentos%5CInvestigaci?n%5CPGPR%5CZehnder-99-ISR.pdf
Zhao M, Ho H, Wu Y, He Y, Li M (2014). Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Transmits Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus. Journal of Phytopathology, 162(7–8), 532–536
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2019-12-23
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Articles
