Evaluation of Creative Thinking Skills amongst Students in Kenya: A Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties

  • Perminus Githui Karatina University, Department of Psychology and Communication Technology
  • Johannes Njagi Njoka Karatina University, Department of Psychology and Communication Technology
  • Margaret Mwenje Department of Social Sciences, Karatina University, Kenya
##article.subject##: Creative thinking, skills, innovative ways, problem-solving, competence, public secondary schools

##article.abstract##

Creative thinking skills are vital competencies in the life of every individual. Therefore, people with creative thinking skills are able to innovate and come up with novel solutions to problems that confront them in life. In this way, they become innovators and problem solvers. Creative thinking is competences that enable learners to apply their imagination in generating ideas, hypotheses, and experiment with alternatives to generate new products and processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the creative thinking skills among students in boys’, girls’ and co-education public secondary schools (PSC) in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design guided by the social cognitive theory as its theoretical framework. The target population consisted of 69,220 learners in 300 PSC in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties. The schools in the two counties were stratified into boys, girls and mixed-sex schools. Therefore, 4 boys’, 5 girls’ and 21 co-education secondary schools were selected to form a sample of ten percent of the schools from each stratum. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to the sampled students. A total of 391 respondents were sampled in both counties. Analyzed data indicated that the students in Nairobi County had moderately higher creative thinking skills than their fellow students from Nyeri. The computed mean score for students’ creative thinking skills per county were; Nairobi ( 3.06) and Nyeri with ( 3.03). Independent Sample t-test of creative thinking skills of learners in both gave a p-value 0.584 which was above 0.05 significance level, this indicated that there was no significant difference in creative thinking among students in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties. Additionally, the study sought to find out the creative thinking skills among learners in single sex and co-education public secondary schools in the two counties. Data analysis revealed that girls schools posted the highest level of creative thinking abilities (

References

Apollo Research Institute. (2012). The future of work: Summary of insights and recommendations. Retrieved from http://apolloresearchinstitute.com/sites/default/files/future_of_work_report_final.pdf

Beghetto, R. A.; Kaufman, J. C. (2010) Nurturing creativity in the classroom. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bender, S. W., Nibbelink, B., Towner-Thyrum, E., & Vredenburg, D. (2013). Defining characteristics of creative women. Creativity Research Journal, 25(1), 38–47.

Billig, M. (2002). Henri Tajfel's Cognitive aspects of prejudice' and the psychology of bigotry. British journal of social psychology, 41(2), 171-188.

Brooks-Young, S. (2010). Teaching with the tools kids really use: Learning with web and mobile. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press.

Cash, R. M. (2011). Advancing differentiation: Thinking and learning for the 21st century. Minneapolis: Free Spirit Publishing Inc.

Chua, Y. P. (2010). Building a test to assess creative and critical thinking simultaneously. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2, 551-559.

Chua, R. Y. J., Roth, Y., & Lemoine, J. (2014). How cultural tightness and cultural distance affect global innovation crowd sourcing work. Administrative Science Quarterly. 60(2), 189-227.60(2), 189-227

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2005). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and Invention. New York. Harper Collins.

de Bono, E. (2008). Creative and Lateral Thinking: In book: Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy. Thousand Oakes: Sage.

Dindigal, A. & Aminabhavi, V. (2007). Psychosocial competence scale (Ph.D. Thesis). Dharwad: Karnatak University Dharwad.

Dzulkifli A. R. (2010). The year of creativity and innovation. New Sunday Times, January 2010, H24.

Fadel, C. (2008). 21st Century Skills: How can you prepare students for the new global economy? Paris: Cisco Systems, Inc.

Florida, R. (2004). The rise of the creative class: and how it’s transforming work, leisure, community, and everyday life. New York: Basic Books.

Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2003). How to design and evaluate research in education. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education

Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: psychological theory and women’s development. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Githui, P., Njoka, J. N., & Mwenje, M. (2017). Assessment of critical thinking skills among secondary school learners in Kenya: A comparative study of public secondary schools in Nyeri and Nairobi Counties. Educational Research International, 6(3) 63-70

Kampylis, P. & Berki, E. (2014). Nurturing creative thinking. International Academy of Education, UNESCO. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002276/227680e.pdf

Kathuri, J. N. & Pals, D. A. (1993). Introduction to educational research. Njoro: Egerton University Press.

Kothari, C. R. (2011). Research methodology-methods & techniques. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers.

Lee K. H. (2005). The relationship between creative thinking ability and creative personality of preschoolers. International Education Journal, 6(2), 194-199.

Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Mellou, E. (1996). Can Creativity Be Nurtured in Young Children? Early Child Development and Care, 119(1), 119-30.

MoEST. (2013). Secondary life skills education teacher’s handbook. Nairobi: Kenya Institute of Education.

MoEST. (2008). Life skills education syllabus. Nairobi: Kenya Institute of Education.

Nyeri County Education Office. (2013). Annual Report. Unpublished.

OECD. (2016), Innovating Education and Educating for Innovation: The Power of Digital Technologies and Skills. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Orasanu, J., & Connolly, T. (1993). The reinvention of decision making. In G. A. Klein, J. Orasanu, R. Calderwood, & C. E. Zsambok (Eds.). Decision making in action: Models and methods. Westport: Ablex Publishing.

Pink, D. H. (2005). A whole new mind: moving from the information age into the conceptual age. New York: Allen & Unwin.

Potur, A. A. & Barkul, O. (2009). Gender and creative thinking in education: A theoretical and experimental overview. ITU A|Z, 6(2), 44-54.

Seng, L. Y. M. (1991). Creativity and Sex Differences in Malaysian Pupils. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 11: 2, 62-67

Stephens, K. R., Karnes, F. A., & Whorton, J. (2001). Gender differences in creativity among American Indian third and fourth grade students. Journal of American Indian Education, 40, 124-132.

Stone, A. A. & Neale, J. M. (1984). New Measure of Daily Coping: Development and Preliminary Results. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4), 892-906.
UNESCO. (2012). A place to learn: Lessons from research on learning environments. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Vulliamy, G. (2010). Educational Reform in a Globalised Age: What is globalisation and how is it affecting Education world-wide. University of York, UK
##submissions.published##
2018-07-02
##section.section##
Articles