Embracing Effective leadership with Emotional Intelligence: Reflection of Students Organization Leaders in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania
##article.subject##:
Emotional intelligence, Leadership effectiveness, Students’ organizations, Leadership traits, Higher learning institution.
##article.abstract##
People with strong emotional intelligence who collaborate with assurance, dedication, harmony, and synergy are likely to build prosperous, effective businesses. This study's primary goal was to investigate how students' organizational leaders in Tanzania's higher education institutions relate to emotional intelligence and effectiveness as leaders. Under the direction of Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, the study specifically identified various leadership efficacy levels among students' organizational leaders, investigated various emotional intelligence levels among students' organizational leaders, and looked at how different aspects of emotional intelligence affect the perceived level of leadership efficacy among leaders of student organizations in Tanzanian higher education institutions. In addition, the study adopted a descriptive research design using quantitative research technique. The population of the study included executive students’ organization leaders in 47 Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania. The rule of thumb theory was used to select 35 universities and university colleges whereby a total of 140 respondents were purposely selected. Furthermore, descriptive statistics, linear regression analysis techniques were employed whereas, various tests including normality test, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity were conducted. Further multiple linear regressions with independent t- test, one-way Analysis of Variance methods were employed to analyze data. The findings indicated that, self-awareness, management of emotions, high level of empathy and social awareness significantly predicted the levels of leadership effectiveness among student organization leaders. The study concluded students’ organization leaders with high level of emotional intelligence had higher ability to effectively lead their organizations. Basing on the findings, it was recommended that since emotional competencies and leadership are learned abilities; Higher Learning Institutions should develop sound and continuous programmes to improve emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness aspect of students’ organization leaders to avoid chaotic learning environment.
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Gachingiri, A. (2015). Effect Of Leadership Style On Organisational Performance : A Case Study Of The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), Kenya. International Academic Journal of Innovation. 3 (2) 342-348
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. NewYork:BantamBook
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. (2009). Social Intelligence and the Biology of Leadership, Infonomics, 23, 28-32.
Griffin, W. R., Phillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2020). Organisation Behaviour: Managing People; Cambridge, MA: Perseus
Haber, P. (2011). Peer education in student leadership programs: Responding to co-curricular challenges. New Directions for Student Services, 133, 65-75.
Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (2017). Asking the right questions about leadership: Discussion and conclusions. American Psychologist, 62, 43-47.
Hong, Y., Catano, V. M., & Liao, H. (2011). Leader emergence: The role of emotional intelligence and motivation to lead. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 320-343.
Ishengoma J.M. (2010). Higher Education Financing in East and Southern Africa: The case of Tanzania Edited by Pundy Pillay. Centre for Higher Education Trans formation (CHET) South Africa.
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Lam, C. S., & O’Higgins, E. R. (2012). Enhancing employee outcomes: The interrelated influences of managers’ emotional intelligence and leadership style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, (2), 589- 615.
Mayer, J., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17, 433-442.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V 2.0. Emotion. 3(1), 97-105.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2008). Emotional Intelligence: New Ability or Eclectic Traits?, American Psychologist, 63, 503- 517.
Msigwa, F.M. (2016).Widening Participation in Higher Education for Students from the Low Socio-Economic Status Group?: a Social Justice Analysis of Student Loans in Tanzania; University of Bristol
Mullins, L.J. (2007).Management and Organizational Behaviour (8th Ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Educational Limited.
Muteswa, R.T.P. (2016). „Qualities of a good leader and the benefits of good leadership to an organization: A conceptual study. European Journal of Business and Management. 8(24), 135 – 140.
Ngoyani, D. (2010)). Tools of Deception: Media Coverage of Student Protests in Tanzania. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 9 (2), 22 – 48.
Njoku, R and Adindu, J. (2014). „Organizational performance through effective leadership in Nigeria‟s public organizations‟. European Journal of Business and Management,6(35).
Northouse, P.G. (2011). Leadership: Theory and Practice (5th Ed.). London: Thousand Oaks Sage.
Nyoni, W.P., & He. C, (2019). The Status of Gender in Senior Leadership Positions in Higher Education Universities in Tanzania International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) 3 (3), 56-68
Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., & Stough, C. (2015). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(1), 5-10.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2015). How college affects students. Journal of Counseling: 13 (2, 512-561. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Rajah, R., Song, Z., & Arvey, R. D. (2011). Emotionality and leadership: Taking stock of the past decade of research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1107-1119.
Republic of Kenya (2000) Report of the Vice Chancellors’ Committee on Causes of Disturbances/Riots in Public Universities. Nairobi: Government Printer
Rosete, D., Ciarrochi, J. (2015). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, (3), 98- 119.
Robinson, V. M., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2018). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 635–674.
Shabani, J. (2018). Lifelong higher education for all in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects. Dakar: UNESCO.Pp 57 – 78
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The Tanzania Commission for Universities, Vitalstats on University Education in Tanzania, 2020
UNESCO (2012. Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects. Dakar: UNESCO Weber, L.E. (2007) University Governance, Leadership and Management in a Rapidly Changing Environment. A Paper presented at the International deans Course, University of Applied Sciences, Osnurbrueck, Germany
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URT, Higher Education Report: UNESCO National Commission in alliance with [Ministry Education, Science and Technology and Tanzania Commission For Universities]. Accessed from: https://whec2022.net/resources/Country%20report%20-%20Tanzania.pdf
Yukl, G. (2011). Contingency theories of effective leadership. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of leadership (pp. 286- 298). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
Achua, C.F. and Lussier, R.N. (2010).Effective Leadership (4th Ed.), Canada: South- Western.
Ally, A.M., (2015). Sustainability of higher education students' loan scheme (HESLS) in Tanzania; European Journal of Business Management, 7 (9); 149-163
Al Khajeh, E.H. (2018). „Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 2(8).
Akinniyi, Alaba Joseph (Phd) & Adebakin, Oluwaseyi Ideraola,“ (2021). The Impact of Effective Leadership on Organizational Performance”, Journal of Public Administration, 3(1), 31-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22259/ 2642-8318.0301004
Babalola, S. S. (2016). The effect of leadership style, job satisfaction and employee-supervisor relationship on job performance and organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 32(3), 935-946.
Barasa, S. (2012). Disabusing student Politics on Campus, Coffee Connection,
Brock-Utne, B. (2023) Formulating High Education Policies in Africa: The Pressure From External Forces and the Neoliberal Agenda. Journal of Higher Education in Africa 1 (1), 24 – 56.
Begum, R., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2016). Task and relationship orientation of Pakistani managers and working professionals: The interaction effect of demographics in a collective culture. Public Organization Review, 16, 199–215.
Blyden, P.Y. (2009). The Effects of Participation in College Curricular and Cocurricular Programs on Engineering Alumni Professional Leadership Practices. University of Dayton. https://search.proquest com/docview/305062260?accountid=17384
Bommarito, M. S. (2012). Leadership Development in Higher Education: Exploring Model Impact among Students and Alumni. The University of North Dakota. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1030437490?accountid=17384
Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2013). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership: John Wiley & Sons.
Bosire, J., Chemjor, C., (2015). Students’ Leadership in Selected Public Universities in Kenya: Disfranchised Pressure Groups or an Integral Component in University Management?
Ciarrochi, J. V., Chan, A. Y. C., & Caputi, P. (2010). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 539-561.
Ciarrochi, J. V., Chan, A. Y. C., & Caputi, P. (2000). Davies, M., Stankov, L., Roberts, R. D. (2018). Emotional Intelligence: In Search of an Elusive Construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 989- 1015.
Chukwuemeka, B.N. (2017). „Re-engineering organizational success through effective leadership‟. Journal of International Politics and Development Studies, 3(1), 280 – 295.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cook, K.S. (2017). Leadership Lessons: Comparing Leadership Programs across Campus. Texas Christian
Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education. (2019). CAS professional standards for higher education (10th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. University, unpublished doctoral dissertation.
Diaz, E.R. (2018). Leadership Self-Efficacy: A Study of Male and Female MBA Students in Mexico. Advancing Women in Leadership, 38, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.18738/awl.v38i0.336
Downey, L.A., Papageorgiou, V., Stough, C. (2016). Examining the relationship between leadership, emotional intelligence and intuition in senior female managers. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, (27), 250-264.
Ernest, S. (2011) TANZANIA: Protests at universities, students expelled: University World News:https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20111216183615108
Eurich, T. (2018). What Self-Awareness Really Is (and How to Cultivate It). Harvard Business Review.https://hbr.org/2018/01/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to- cultivate-it
Fiedler, F.E., Mahar, L. (1979). A Field Experiment Validating Contingency Model Leadership Training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(3), 247-254.
Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill. Goleman, D. (Ed.). (2002). Business: The ultimate resource. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Basic Books, New York, NY.
Garder, L., Stough, C. (2011). Examining the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence in senior level managers. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, (23), 68-78.
Gachingiri, A. (2015). Effect Of Leadership Style On Organisational Performance : A Case Study Of The United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), Kenya. International Academic Journal of Innovation. 3 (2) 342-348
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. NewYork:BantamBook
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. (2009). Social Intelligence and the Biology of Leadership, Infonomics, 23, 28-32.
Griffin, W. R., Phillips, J., & Gully, S. M. (2020). Organisation Behaviour: Managing People; Cambridge, MA: Perseus
Haber, P. (2011). Peer education in student leadership programs: Responding to co-curricular challenges. New Directions for Student Services, 133, 65-75.
Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (2017). Asking the right questions about leadership: Discussion and conclusions. American Psychologist, 62, 43-47.
Hong, Y., Catano, V. M., & Liao, H. (2011). Leader emergence: The role of emotional intelligence and motivation to lead. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 320-343.
Ishengoma J.M. (2010). Higher Education Financing in East and Southern Africa: The case of Tanzania Edited by Pundy Pillay. Centre for Higher Education Trans formation (CHET) South Africa.
Kessy J.S. Kikula A.L. Kaswamila B. Kazimili B.E. Mmary (2018). Developing Sustainable Higher Education Leadership Models : Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa ; Website: www.codesria.org ISBN: 978-2-86978-789-6
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2013). The Student Leadership Challenge: Facilitation and Activity Guide. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass
Lam, C. S., & O’Higgins, E. R. (2012). Enhancing employee outcomes: The interrelated influences of managers’ emotional intelligence and leadership style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, (2), 589- 615.
Mayer, J., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17, 433-442.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V 2.0. Emotion. 3(1), 97-105.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2008). Emotional Intelligence: New Ability or Eclectic Traits?, American Psychologist, 63, 503- 517.
Msigwa, F.M. (2016).Widening Participation in Higher Education for Students from the Low Socio-Economic Status Group?: a Social Justice Analysis of Student Loans in Tanzania; University of Bristol
Mullins, L.J. (2007).Management and Organizational Behaviour (8th Ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Educational Limited.
Muteswa, R.T.P. (2016). „Qualities of a good leader and the benefits of good leadership to an organization: A conceptual study. European Journal of Business and Management. 8(24), 135 – 140.
Ngoyani, D. (2010)). Tools of Deception: Media Coverage of Student Protests in Tanzania. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 9 (2), 22 – 48.
Njoku, R and Adindu, J. (2014). „Organizational performance through effective leadership in Nigeria‟s public organizations‟. European Journal of Business and Management,6(35).
Northouse, P.G. (2011). Leadership: Theory and Practice (5th Ed.). London: Thousand Oaks Sage.
Nyoni, W.P., & He. C, (2019). The Status of Gender in Senior Leadership Positions in Higher Education Universities in Tanzania International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) 3 (3), 56-68
Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., & Stough, C. (2015). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(1), 5-10.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2015). How college affects students. Journal of Counseling: 13 (2, 512-561. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
Rajah, R., Song, Z., & Arvey, R. D. (2011). Emotionality and leadership: Taking stock of the past decade of research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1107-1119.
Republic of Kenya (2000) Report of the Vice Chancellors’ Committee on Causes of Disturbances/Riots in Public Universities. Nairobi: Government Printer
Rosete, D., Ciarrochi, J. (2015). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, (3), 98- 119.
Robinson, V. M., Lloyd, C. A., & Rowe, K. J. (2018). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(5), 635–674.
Shabani, J. (2018). Lifelong higher education for all in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects. Dakar: UNESCO.Pp 57 – 78
The Tanzania Commission for Universities, State of University Education in Tanzania 2019
The Tanzania Commission for Universities, Vitalstats on University Education in Tanzania, 2020
UNESCO (2012. Higher Education in Africa: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects. Dakar: UNESCO Weber, L.E. (2007) University Governance, Leadership and Management in a Rapidly Changing Environment. A Paper presented at the International deans Course, University of Applied Sciences, Osnurbrueck, Germany
URT; Univarsities Act,(2005). Downloaded from https://www.google.com/search?q=tanzania+universities+act+2005&sca_
URT, Higher Education Report: UNESCO National Commission in alliance with [Ministry Education, Science and Technology and Tanzania Commission For Universities]. Accessed from: https://whec2022.net/resources/Country%20report%20-%20Tanzania.pdf
Yukl, G. (2011). Contingency theories of effective leadership. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of leadership (pp. 286- 298). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
##submissions.published##
2024-10-25
How to Cite
Nnko, E. (2024, October 25). Embracing Effective leadership with Emotional Intelligence: Reflection of Students Organization Leaders in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania. African Journal of Education,Science and Technology, 8(1), Pg. 67-81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2022/ajest.v8i1.1062
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Articles
